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Entropy
Volume 22
Issue 3
10.3390/e22030339
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Article

The Emergence of Integrated Information, Complexity, and ‘Consciousness’ at Criticality

by
Nicholas J.M. Popiel
1,*,†,
Sina Khajehabdollahi
1,†,
Pubuditha M. Abeyasinghe
2,
Francesco Riganello
3,
Emily S. Nichols
1,4,
Adrian M. Owen
4,5 and
Andrea Soddu
1,4
1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, 151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
2
Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
3
Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), S. Anna Institute, Via Siris 11, 88900 Crotone, Italy
4
Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, 151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
5
Department of Psychology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Entropy 2020, 22(3), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030339
Received: 31 January 2020 / Revised: 6 March 2020 / Accepted: 12 March 2020 / Published: 16 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Theory for Human and Social Processes)
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Abstract

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) posits that integrated information ( Φ ) represents the quantity of a conscious experience. Here, the generalized Ising model was used to calculate Φ as a function of temperature in toy models of fully connected neural networks. A Monte–Carlo simulation was run on 159 normalized, random, positively weighted networks analogous to small five-node excitatory neural network motifs. Integrated information generated by this sample of small Ising models was measured across model parameter spaces. It was observed that integrated information, as an order parameter, underwent a phase transition at the critical point in the model. This critical point was demarcated by the peak of the generalized susceptibility (or variance in configuration due to temperature) of integrated information. At this critical point, integrated information was maximally receptive and responsive to perturbations of its own states. The results of this study provide evidence that Φ can capture integrated information in an empirical dataset, and display critical behavior acting as an order parameter from the generalized Ising model. View Full-Text
Keywords: Ising model; integrated information; criticality Ising model; integrated information; criticality
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MDPI and ACS Style

Popiel, N.J.M.; Khajehabdollahi, S.; Abeyasinghe, P.M.; Riganello, F.; Nichols, E.S.; Owen, A.M.; Soddu, A. The Emergence of Integrated Information, Complexity, and ‘Consciousness’ at Criticality. Entropy 2020, 22, 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030339

AMA Style

Popiel NJM, Khajehabdollahi S, Abeyasinghe PM, Riganello F, Nichols ES, Owen AM, Soddu A. The Emergence of Integrated Information, Complexity, and ‘Consciousness’ at Criticality. Entropy. 2020; 22(3):339. https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030339

Chicago/Turabian Style

Popiel, Nicholas J.M., Sina Khajehabdollahi, Pubuditha M. Abeyasinghe, Francesco Riganello, Emily S. Nichols, Adrian M. Owen, and Andrea Soddu. 2020. "The Emergence of Integrated Information, Complexity, and ‘Consciousness’ at Criticality" Entropy 22, no. 3: 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030339

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