Effect of Nanofiller Content on Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Montmorillonite Nanoclay Filler Hybrid Shape Memory Epoxy Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Characterization
2.3.1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.3.2. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
2.3.3. Thermogravimetric Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis
Heat Flow
3.2. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
3.2.1. Storage Modulus
3.2.2. Loss Modulus
3.2.3. Tan Delta
3.3. Thermogravimetric Analysis
Degradation Temperature
4. Conclusions
- DSC shows a decrease in total heat of reaction, which indicates a decrease in the curing degree.
- DMA and TGA analysis explicitly show that the incorporation of 1%, 3%, and 5 wt.% of MMT, in combination with 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.% MWCNT, can lead to an enhancement or deterioration of the thermal properties of SMEP nanocomposites.
- An increase in E’ was obtained after the incorporation of 1 wt.% MWCNT, exclusively when combined with 3 wt.% MMT while the other two MWCNT contents, noticeably for the 1.5 wt.% concentration, reduce E’. This indicates higher mechanical properties compared to neat SMEP.
- Analysis of E” shows that an increase in filler loading results in an increase in loss modulus, due to better interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix. Increasing the MMT concentration beyond 3% results in a decrease in E” because of agglomeration and the formation of filler clusters in the polymer matrix.
- E’ was more affected by filler loading, as compared to E”, according to the peak values of Tan δ curves.
- A decrease in Tg for all the SMEP nanocomposites, compared to the neat SMEP, was observed from Tan δ and E” curves, which can be attributed to the plasticization effect of the incorporated nanofiller.
- The thermal decomposition of the SMEP nanocomposite shows an almost similar behavior to that of the neat SMEP. Further analysis on the decomposition curves shows a decrease in the decomposition temperature because of the high thermal conductivity of MWCNT and MMT nanofillers.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peak tan δ | Tg from tan δ (°C) | Tg from E’’ (°C) | |
---|---|---|---|
NEAT | 0.9488 | 55.9 | 46.3 |
1MT-05NT | 1.0320 | 53.3 | 43.8 |
3MT-05NT | 0.9350 | 48.2 | 39.6 |
5MT-05NT | 1.0750 | 50.9 | 42.1 |
1MT-10NT | 1.0050 | 53.1 | 44.1 |
3MT-10NT | 0.9156 | 53.8 | 46.0 |
5MT-10NT | 1.0910 | 49.6 | 40.0 |
1MT-15NT | 0.9942 | 55.3 | 45.8 |
3MT-15NT | 0.9583 | 49.3 | 39.7 |
5MT-15NT | 1.0280 | 50.5 | 41.8 |
T5% (°C) | T10% (°C) | T50% (°C) | Residue (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
NEAT | 313.7 | 319.3 | 364.3 | 7.23 |
1MT-05NT | 309.7 | 316.3 | 361.7 | 7.24 |
3MT-05NT | 311.0 | 317.0 | 364.2 | 7.76 |
5MT-05NT | 307.7 | 315.7 | 361.8 | 8.54 |
1MT-10NT | 308.8 | 316.7 | 361.7 | 8.91 |
3MT-10NT | 310.8 | 318.5 | 363.5 | 10.61 |
5MT-10NT | 307.2 | 314.2 | 360.3 | 11.01 |
1MT-15NT | 310.5 | 317.2 | 361.3 | 8.98 |
3MT-15NT | 311.0 | 317.0 | 364.0 | 10.02 |
5MT-15NT | 304.0 | 314.7 | 361.0 | 10.44 |
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Mat Yazik, M.H.; Sultan, M.T.H.; Jawaid, M.; Abu Talib, A.R.; Mazlan, N.; Md Shah, A.U.; Safri, S.N.A. Effect of Nanofiller Content on Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Montmorillonite Nanoclay Filler Hybrid Shape Memory Epoxy Composites. Polymers 2021, 13, 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050700
Mat Yazik MH, Sultan MTH, Jawaid M, Abu Talib AR, Mazlan N, Md Shah AU, Safri SNA. Effect of Nanofiller Content on Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Montmorillonite Nanoclay Filler Hybrid Shape Memory Epoxy Composites. Polymers. 2021; 13(5):700. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050700
Chicago/Turabian StyleMat Yazik, Muhamad Hasfanizam, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, Mohammad Jawaid, Abd Rahim Abu Talib, Norkhairunnisa Mazlan, Ain Umaira Md Shah, and Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri. 2021. "Effect of Nanofiller Content on Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Montmorillonite Nanoclay Filler Hybrid Shape Memory Epoxy Composites" Polymers 13, no. 5: 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050700