Seventeen lactones including eight territrem derivatives (
1–
8) and nine butyrolactone derivatives (
9–
17) were isolated from a marine-derived fungus
Aspergillus terreus SCSGAF0162 under solid-state fermentation of rice. Compounds
1–
3 and
9–
10
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Seventeen lactones including eight territrem derivatives (
1–
8) and nine butyrolactone derivatives (
9–
17) were isolated from a marine-derived fungus
Aspergillus terreus SCSGAF0162 under solid-state fermentation of rice. Compounds
1–
3 and
9–
10 were new, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity of compounds
1–
17 were evaluated. Among them, compounds
1 and
2 showed strong inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase with IC
50 values of 4.2 ± 0.6, 4.5 ± 0.6 nM, respectively. This is the first time it has been reported that
3,
6,
10,
12 had evident antiviral activity towards HSV-1 with IC
50 values of 16.4 ± 0.6, 6.34 ± 0.4, 21.8 ± 0.8 and 28.9 ± 0.8 μg·mL
−1, respectively. Antifouling bioassay tests showed that compounds
1,
11,
12,
15 had potent antifouling activity with EC
50 values of 12.9 ± 0.5, 22.1 ± 0.8, 7.4 ± 0.6, 16.1 ± 0.6 μg·mL
−1 toward barnacle
Balanus amphitrite larvae, respectively.
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