Search Results (4)

In a situation where cities are increasingly being developed vertically and complexly, a novel approach for analyzing vertical urban functional patterns is proposed. For this purpose, a multi-dimensional GDC (Geo Data Cube) consisting of spatial and temporal data x, y, z, t, and f dimensions containing layer information was created. At this time, the size of the GDC cell (interval in x, y, z dimensions) is calculated by cell point data using the three-dimensional (3D) Moran’s I index value calculated with the 3D Diversity Factor (DF) based on information entropy proposed to reduce the uncertainty of information for each cell. In other words, the cell with the smallest index value was chosen to minimize the influence of Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) that occurs when mapping. The 3D land use index (3D LUI) is calculated as a linearly weighted sum of the spatial accessibility of uses between cells (3D KDF) and the enrichment of uses (3D EF), taking into account the first law of geography. Finally, the 3D LUI value for each use was calculated for each cell of the GDC, and the use with the highest value was determined as the urban function of the cell. As a result of applying this to Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (ROK) in June 2024 and visually evaluating it using the street view provided by Kakao Map, it was confirmed that commercial and residential functions were vertically separated in buildings with residential–commercial complexes or shops on the ground floor. It was also confirmed that such characteristics did not appear in the two-dimensional (2D) urban functional patter analysis. Full article

In vitro three-dimensional (3D) culturing is considered essential in many biological fields. However, the imaging of developed 3D formations is often difficult, especially if the size of the sample is relatively large. The z-resolution of fluorescent imaging is low using low magnification lenses (4× and 10×) due to large focal depths. This paper describes 3D culture platform enabling large scale 3D imaging by fine spatial alignment of the image dataset obtained from multiple directions. A gel cube device was employed to conduct the multi-scanning and then a self-fluorescent microstructure in a cubic frame allows us spatially align image dataset within a few pixels. By synthesizing data from multiple scans, the platform enables us to visualize millimeter-sized 3D sample structure and individual cellular actin filaments at the same time. Millimeter depth imaging of a developed bronchial tree was achieved with high z-resolution. The device, which is applicable to most microscopy systems, can enhance the image quality without modifying current systems. Full article

This paper used the X-ray three-dimensional (3D) microscope and acquired, through CT scanning, the 3D data of the long-frame coal sample from the Daliuta Coal Mine. Then, the 3D datacube reconstructed from the coal’s CT scanning data was visualized with the use of Avizo, an advanced visualization software (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). By means of a gray-scale segmentation technique, the model of the coal’s micro-pore structure was extracted from the object region, and the precise characterization was then conducted. Finally, the numerical simulation on the water seepage characteristics in the coal micro-pores model under the pressure of 3 MPa was performed on the CFX platform. Results show that the seepage of low-pressure water exhibited preference to the channels with large pore radii, short paths, and short distance from the outlet. The seepage pressure of low-pressure water decreased gradually along the seepage direction, while the seepage velocity of low-pressure water decreased gradually along the direction from the pore center to the wall. Regarding the single-channel seepage behaviors, the seepage velocity and mass flow rate of water seepage in the X direction were the largest, followed by the values of the seepage in the Y direction, and the seepage velocity and mass flow rate of water seepage in the Z direction were the smallest. Compared with the results in single-channel seepage, the dual-channel seepage in the direction of (X + Y) and the multi-channel seepage in the direction of (X + Y + Z) exhibited significant increases in the overall seepage velocity. The present study extends the application of 3D CT scanning data and provides a new idea and approach for exploring the seepage rules in coal micro-pore structures. Full article

Globally, most weather-related damages are caused by thunderstorms. Besides floods, strong wind, and hail, one of the major thunderstorm ground effects is lightning. Therefore, lightning investigations, including detection, cluster identification, tracking, and nowcasting are essential. To enable reliable decisions, current and predicted lightning cluster- and track features as well as analysis results have to be represented in the most appropriate way. Our paper introduces a framework which includes identification, tracking, nowcasting, and in particular visualization and statistical analysis of dynamic lightning data in three-dimensional space. The paper is specifically focused on enabling users to conduct the visual analysis of lightning data for the purpose of identification and interpretation of spatial-temporal patterns embedded in lightning data, and their dynamics. A graphic user interface (GUI) is developed, wherein lightning tracks and predicted lightning clusters, including their prediction certainty, can be investigated within a 3D view or within a Space-Time-Cube. In contrast to previous work, our approach provides insight into the dynamics of past and predicted 3D lightning clusters and cluster features over time. We conclude that an interactive visual exploration in combination with a statistical analysis can provide new knowledge within lightning investigations and, thus, support decision-making in weather forecast or lightning damage prevention. Full article