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11 pages, 253 KB  
Article
Closed Atonement and Open Forgiveness: Reconciliation and the Meaning of Jesus’ Death
by Douglas V. Porpora
Religions 2026, 17(7), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17070772 - 26 Jun 2026
Viewed by 497
Abstract
In this article, I argue that atonement and forgiveness embody fundamentally different logics of reconciliation—one a closed moral economy of compensation and equivalence and the other a relational and non-economic logic of restoration. The article begins with a paradox: following the destruction of [...] Read more.
In this article, I argue that atonement and forgiveness embody fundamentally different logics of reconciliation—one a closed moral economy of compensation and equivalence and the other a relational and non-economic logic of restoration. The article begins with a paradox: following the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in 70 C.E., rabbinic Judaism moved away from sacrificial atonement toward practices of repentance, prayer, and ethical repair, while Christianity increasingly centered divine reconciliation on the atoning death of Jesus. Deepening Ehrman’s distinction between atonement and forgiveness, I explore the different logics of reconciliation they represent, arguing that Christianity chose atonement as a means of making sense of the divine necessity of Jesus’ violent death. Given the theological tensions generated by the atonement paradigm, this article concludes with the suggestion that Jesus’ death is better understood not as divinely planned but as a divinely accepted consequence of incarnation in a violent world. Full article
21 pages, 277 KB  
Article
The Original Sin of Writing and Reading
by Kristián Benyovszky
Religions 2026, 17(2), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17020266 - 21 Feb 2026
Viewed by 635
Abstract
This study examines the possible points of connection between crime and reading on the basis of genre-typical roles and motifs in detective fiction. I aim to identify characteristic reading methods, strategies, locations, events, and professions with regard to the detective, the perpetrator and [...] Read more.
This study examines the possible points of connection between crime and reading on the basis of genre-typical roles and motifs in detective fiction. I aim to identify characteristic reading methods, strategies, locations, events, and professions with regard to the detective, the perpetrator and the victim. Following a general introduction with a focus on genre theory and thematic concerns, I proceed with an analysis of P. D. James’s crime novel Original Sin. This novel not only offers the posing and solving of a criminal puzzle, but also reflects powerfully on moral questions about sin, original sin and violent death. In my analysis, I follow the method of close reading, and as part of this approach, I also explore traces of biblical intertextuality. As a result of theoretical reflection and interpretation, I draw two important conclusions: (1) For investigators, reading texts constitutes an effective and indispensable instrument for reconstructing the past, thus uncovering the truth and revealing the perpetrator. (2) The reading events depicted in the novel refer to experiences and conceptual connections that justify discussing a kind of theology of reading: reading appears in the story as an intellectual activity that forms part of certain religious practices (penance, prayer, confession). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peccata Lectionis)
13 pages, 223 KB  
Article
“Violent Times Call for Violent Prayers”: “Divine Violence” during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries, Nigeria
by Benson Ohihon Igboin
Religions 2024, 15(4), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15040471 - 11 Apr 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3257
Abstract
Interest in studying prayer has significantly increased because of the belief that it helps humanity to cope, particularly in times of crisis. Prayer is not just a communication with God, it is also an instrument of bond and embodied ritual among prayer litigants [...] Read more.
Interest in studying prayer has significantly increased because of the belief that it helps humanity to cope, particularly in times of crisis. Prayer is not just a communication with God, it is also an instrument of bond and embodied ritual among prayer litigants or people who belong to the same religious community. This article argues that divine violence, a sovereign act of God, was crucially needed by the litigants in order to guarantee human flourishing in the face of existential threat. The article studied how violent prayer—a genre of prayer that is targeted at the spirits underlying physical manifestation of suffering, pain, or crisis—was utilised by the Mountain of Fire and Miracle Ministries (MFMM) in Nigeria to cope with the fear and uncertainties occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article is part of an ongoing ethnographic research on “The Politics and Poetics of Violent Prayer in the Nigerian Pentecostal Churches”, which began in 2021. I utilised ethnographic engagement, particularly interviews and participant observation, to attempt to understand what these prayer litigants are doing when they pray violently. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Christian Prayer: Social Sciences Perspective)
18 pages, 359 KB  
Article
“Only a God Can Save Us Now”: Why a Religious Morality Is Best Suited to Overcome Religiously Inspired Violence and Spare Innocents from Harm
by Alan Vincelette
Religions 2023, 14(12), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14121495 - 2 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4435
Abstract
It is common to hear the refrain that religion is a major cause of violence today. And this claim is not without merit. Religious differences can fuel animosity and lead to societal conflict. On the other hand, scholars have increasingly recognized the role [...] Read more.
It is common to hear the refrain that religion is a major cause of violence today. And this claim is not without merit. Religious differences can fuel animosity and lead to societal conflict. On the other hand, scholars have increasingly recognized the role of religion in overcoming societal divides and helping people to heal and forgive. This paper will examine the latter capacity of religion to minimize the harms that occur during violent conflicts. It will be argued that secular ethical theories often fail to provide any principles or foundations that can help moderate passions, alleviate tensions, or provide frameworks for what is licit in war. In fact, the world views of terrorists and secular ethicists of war are often strikingly similar. Religious ethicists, on the contrary, have often encouraged practices (prayer for one’s enemies, forgiveness) and provided principles (dignity of every human, non-combatant immunity, just war theory) that can help moderate the violent tendencies of war and bring about a more peaceful and equitable resolution. While religion is not entirely off the hook for promoting violent conflict, religion can provide ethical frameworks and principles that help minimize the harms of conflicts and promote world peace. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peace, Politics, and Religion: Volume II)
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