Open AccessCommunication
Bioactive Brominated Oxindole Alkaloids from the Red Sea Sponge Callyspongia siphonella
by
Seham S. El-Hawary, Ahmed M. Sayed, Rabab Mohammed, Hossam M. Hassan, Mostafa E. Rateb, Elham Amin, Tarek A. Mohammed, Mohamed El-Mesery, Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah, Abdulrhman Alsayari, Harald Wajant, Mohamed A. Anany and Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
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Abstract
In the present study, LC-HRESIMS-assisted dereplication along with bioactivity-guided isolation led to targeting two brominated oxindole alkaloids (compounds
1 and
2) which probably play a key role in the previously reported antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity of
Callyspongia siphonella crude extracts. Both metabolites
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In the present study, LC-HRESIMS-assisted dereplication along with bioactivity-guided isolation led to targeting two brominated oxindole alkaloids (compounds
1 and
2) which probably play a key role in the previously reported antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity of
Callyspongia siphonella crude extracts. Both metabolites showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria,
Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 8 and 4 µg/mL) and
Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 16 and 4 µg/mL), respectively. Furthermore, they displayed moderate biofilm inhibitory activity in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (49.32% and 41.76% inhibition, respectively), and moderate in vitro antitrypanosomal activity (13.47 and 10.27 µM, respectively). In addition, they revealed a strong cytotoxic effect toward different human cancer cell lines, supposedly through induction of necrosis. This study sheds light on the possible role of these metabolites (compounds
1 and
2) in keeping fouling organisms away from the sponge outer surface, and the possible applications of these defensive molecules in the development of new anti-infective agents.
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