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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = thermo-EMF

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20 pages, 2016 KB  
Article
Phonon Drag Contribution to Thermopower for a Heated Metal Nanoisland on a Semiconductor Substrate
by Alexander Arkhipov, Karina Trofimovich, Nikolay Arkhipov and Pavel Gabdullin
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(20), 1684; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14201684 - 21 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1314
Abstract
The possible contribution of phonon drag effect to the thermoelectrically sustained potential of a heated nanoisland on a semiconductor surface was estimated in a first principal consideration. We regarded electrons and phonons as interacting particles, and the interaction cross-section was derived from the [...] Read more.
The possible contribution of phonon drag effect to the thermoelectrically sustained potential of a heated nanoisland on a semiconductor surface was estimated in a first principal consideration. We regarded electrons and phonons as interacting particles, and the interaction cross-section was derived from the basic theory of semiconductors. The solution of the equation of motion for average electrons under the simultaneous action of phonon drag and electric field gave the distributions of phonon flux, density of charge carriers and electric potential. Dimensional suppression of thermal conductance and electron-phonon interaction were accounted for but found to be less effective than expected. The developed model predicts the formation of a layer with a high density of charge carriers that is practically independent of the concentration of dopant ions. This layer can effectively intercept the phonon flow propagating from the heated nanoisland. The resulting thermoEMF can have sufficient magnitudes to explain the low-voltage electron emission capability of nanoisland films of metals and sp2-bonded carbon, previously studied by our group. The phenomenon predicted by the model can be used in thermoelectric converters with untypical parameters or in systems for local cooling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Theory and Simulation of Nanostructures)
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23 pages, 5843 KB  
Article
The Effectiveness of Diamond-like Carbon a-C:H:Si Coatings in Increasing the Cutting Capability of Radius End Mills When Machining Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloys
by Sergey N. Grigoriev, Marina A. Volosova, Sergey V. Fedorov, Mars S. Migranov, Mikhail Mosyanov, Andrey Gusev and Anna A. Okunkova
Coatings 2022, 12(2), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020206 - 5 Feb 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4176
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper was to study the efficiency of using diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings based on a-C:H:Si with a pre-formed CrAlSiN sublayer to increase the cutting ability of ball end mills made of KFM-39 cemented carbide at a speed of [...] Read more.
The main purpose of this paper was to study the efficiency of using diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings based on a-C:H:Si with a pre-formed CrAlSiN sublayer to increase the cutting ability of ball end mills made of KFM-39 cemented carbide at a speed of 150–250 m/min in milling aircraft-grade Inconel 718, and to assess the DLC coating effect on the quality of the machined surface. DLC coating performance was quantified against uncoated carbide ball end mills and the proven TiN–AlN–TiAlN gradient multilayer coating at elevated temperatures measured by the natural thermocouple method. The temperature near the cutting edge is the factor determining the wear intensity in the tool contact surfaces in milling hard-to-machine nickel alloys to the greatest extent. Thermo-EMF (electromotive force) was recorded and converted into temperatures by calibration charts. The behavior of CrAlSiN–DLC and TiN–AlN–TiAlN coatings was compared with the results of high-temperature tribological tests on a ball-on-disc friction machine. For the CrAlSiN–DLC coating at cutting speeds of 150 and 200 m/min (<650 °C), the milling time until critical flank face wear (0.4 mm) was more than 67 and 50 min, respectively (1.4–1.5 times longer than an uncoated tool and about 1.3 times longer than the TiN–AlN–TiAlN coating). The CrAlSiN–DLC coating was characterized by a minimum adhesion amount. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribological Studies on Diamond, DLC and Ta-C Coatings)
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15 pages, 3662 KB  
Article
A Facile Chemical Synthesis of PbTe Nanostructures at Room Temperature
by Anil B. Gite, Balasaheb M. Palve, Vishwasrao B. Gaikwad, Gotan H. Jain, Habib M. Pathan, Samir Haj Bloukh and Zehra Edis
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(10), 1915; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10101915 - 25 Sep 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3600
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials are possible solutions of the current problems in the energy sector to overcome environmental pollution, increasing energy demand and the decline of natural resources. Thermoelectric materials are a promising alternative for the conversion of waste heat to electricity. Nanocrystalline PbTe [...] Read more.
Thermoelectric (TE) materials are possible solutions of the current problems in the energy sector to overcome environmental pollution, increasing energy demand and the decline of natural resources. Thermoelectric materials are a promising alternative for the conversion of waste heat to electricity. Nanocrystalline PbTe powder was synthesized by a simple chemical method at room temperature and systematically investigated at various durations as samples A1–A5. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the composition of the samples. TE parameters as thermo-emf of samples A1–A5 and electrical conductivity were measured. The cyclic voltammetry gives a band gap of 0.25 eV, which is in agreement with the optical band gap of the material. The A4 sample has an average crystal size of 36 nm with preferred orientation in (200) verifying the cubic morphology. The obtained TE parameters are beneficial for the non-uniform TE materials which might be due to strong current boundary scattering and extremely low thermal conductivity of the samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial for Energy Conversion and Storage)
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11 pages, 4006 KB  
Article
Thermoelectric Behavior of BaZr0.9Y0.1O3−d Proton Conducting Electrolyte
by Dmitry Tsvetkov, Ivan Ivanov, Dmitry Malyshkin, Vladimir Sereda and Andrey Zuev
Membranes 2019, 9(9), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9090120 - 13 Sep 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3773
Abstract
BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ (BZY10), a promising proton conducting material, exhibits p-type conduction under oxidative conditions. Holes in BZY10 are of the small polaron type. However, there is no clear understanding at which places in the lattice they are localized. The [...] Read more.
BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ (BZY10), a promising proton conducting material, exhibits p-type conduction under oxidative conditions. Holes in BZY10 are of the small polaron type. However, there is no clear understanding at which places in the lattice they are localized. The main objectives of this work were, therefore, to discuss the nature of electronic defects in BZY10 on the basis of the combined measurements of the thermo-EMF and conductivity. Total electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of BZY10 were simultaneously studied depending on partial pressures of oxygen (pO2), water (pH2O) and temperature (T). The model equation for total conductivity and Seebeck coefficient derived on the basis of the proposed defect chemical approach was successfully fitted to the experimental data. Transference numbers of all the charge carriers in BZY10 were calculated. The heat of transport of oxide ions was found to be about one half the activation energy of their mobility, while that of protons was almost equal to the activation energy of their mobility. The results of the Seebeck coefficient modeling indicate that cation impurities, rather than oxygen sites, should be considered as a place of hole localization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications and Hydrogen Production)
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