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Keywords = tailor-made receptor materials

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24 pages, 4602 KiB  
Review
Glycopolymer Brushes by Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Preparation, Applications, and Future Challenges
by Jessica P. M. Ribeiro, Patrícia V. Mendonça, Jorge F. J. Coelho, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and Arménio C. Serra
Polymers 2020, 12(6), 1268; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12061268 - 1 Jun 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5601
Abstract
The cellular surface contains specific proteins, also known as lectins, that are carbohydrates receptors involved in different biological events, such as cell–cell adhesion, cell recognition and cell differentiation. The synthesis of well-defined polymers containing carbohydrate units, known as glycopolymers, by reversible deactivation radical [...] Read more.
The cellular surface contains specific proteins, also known as lectins, that are carbohydrates receptors involved in different biological events, such as cell–cell adhesion, cell recognition and cell differentiation. The synthesis of well-defined polymers containing carbohydrate units, known as glycopolymers, by reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) methods allows the development of tailor-made materials with high affinity for lectins because of their multivalent interaction. These polymers are promising candidates for the biomedical field, namely as novel diagnostic disease markers, biosensors, or carriers for tumor-targeted therapy. Although linear glycopolymers are extensively studied for lectin recognition, branched glycopolymeric structures, such as polymer brushes can establish stronger interactions with lectins. This specific glycopolymer topology can be synthesized in a bottlebrush form or grafted to/from surfaces by using RDRP methods, allowing a precise control over molecular weight, grafting density, and brush thickness. Here, the preparation and application of glycopolymer brushes is critically discussed and future research directions on this topic are suggested. Full article
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13 pages, 4002 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Impact of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Chain Length and Other Applied Side-Chains on the NO2 Sensing Properties of Conducting Graft Copolymers
by Marcin Procek, Kinga Kepska and Agnieszka Stolarczyk
Sensors 2018, 18(3), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030928 - 20 Mar 2018
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5764
Abstract
The detection and concentration measurements of low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are important because of its negative effects on human health and its application in many fields of industry and safety systems. In our approach, conducting graft copolymers based on [...] Read more.
The detection and concentration measurements of low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are important because of its negative effects on human health and its application in many fields of industry and safety systems. In our approach, conducting graft copolymers based on the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) conducting polymer and other side-chains, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dodec-1-en, grafted on a poly(methylhydrosiloxane) backbone, were investigated. The grafts containing PEG (PEGSil) and dodec-1-en (DodecSil) in two variants, namely, fractions with shorter (hexane fraction -H) and longer (chloroform fraction -CH) side-chains of P3HT, were tested as receptor structures in NO2 gas sensors. Their responses to NO2, within the concentration range of 1–20 ppm, were investigated in an nitrogen atmosphere at different operating temperatures—room temperature (RT) = 25 °C, 50 °C, and 100 °C. The results indicated that both of the copolymers with PEG side-chains had higher responses to NO2 than the materials with dodec-1-en side-chains. Furthermore, the results indicated that, in both cases, H fractions were more sensitive than CH fractions. The highest response to 1 ppm of NO2, from the investigated graft copolymers, had PEGSil H, which indicated a response of 1330% at RT and 1980% at 100 °C. The calculated lower-limit of the detection of this material is lower than 300 ppb of NO2 at 100 °C. This research indicated that graft copolymers of P3HT had great potential for low temperature NO2 sensing, and that the proper choice of other side-chains in graft copolymers can improve their gas sensing properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue I3S 2017 Selected Papers)
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16 pages, 977 KiB  
Review
Man-Made Synthetic Receptors for Capture and Analysis of Ochratoxin A
by Claudio Baggiani, Cristina Giovannoli and Laura Anfossi
Toxins 2015, 7(10), 4083-4098; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7104083 - 10 Oct 2015
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6074
Abstract
Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for Ochratoxin A detection and quantification, but direct application of these methods on real samples can be rarely performed because of matrix complexity. Thus, efficient sample pre-treatment methods are needed. Recent years have seen the increasing [...] Read more.
Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for Ochratoxin A detection and quantification, but direct application of these methods on real samples can be rarely performed because of matrix complexity. Thus, efficient sample pre-treatment methods are needed. Recent years have seen the increasing use of artificial recognition systems as a viable alternative to natural receptors, because these materials seem to be particularly suitable for applications where selectivity for Ochratoxin A is essential. In this review, molecularly imprinted polymers, aptamers and tailor-made peptides for Ochratoxin A capture and analysis with particular attention to solid phase extraction applications will be discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Ochratoxins-Collection)
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