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Keywords = style-morph ratios

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14 pages, 5431 KiB  
Article
Reproductive Ecology of Distylous Shoreside Polygonum criopolitanum Hance
by Ming-Lin Chen, Meng-Ying Qi, Bei-Bei Bai and Xue Han
Diversity 2022, 14(3), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14030222 - 18 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2593
Abstract
In this study, distyly was clearly confirmed in Polygonum criopolitanum Hance, which exhibited strict self-incompatibility. Unlike other distylous species, style-morph ratios of P. criopolitanum often deviated obviously from 1:1, and many populations were solely composed of long or short stylous flowers; the 1:1 [...] Read more.
In this study, distyly was clearly confirmed in Polygonum criopolitanum Hance, which exhibited strict self-incompatibility. Unlike other distylous species, style-morph ratios of P. criopolitanum often deviated obviously from 1:1, and many populations were solely composed of long or short stylous flowers; the 1:1 style-morph ratio was occasionally found in very large populations. P. criopolitanum was dimorphic for intrinsic features such as style height and anther height and ancillary features such as pollen size and number. The L-morph flowers produced a significantly smaller and higher number of pollen grains than the S-morph flowers, and the stigma papillae of both morphs were not significantly different. We nearly found no seed sets in most wild populations and very low seed sets occasionally occurred in large populations, which was different from other species of Polygonaceae. Mating experiments showed that P. criopolitanum has a strict self-incompatibility system and clonal propagation was more common than sexual propagation, which was adaptive with the unisexual wild populations. Hygrocolous habitat, 20–60% soil water content, and height gap less than 4 m to the adjacent water were the main limiting factors for the distribution of P. criopolitanum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology, Evolution and Diversity of Plants)
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16 pages, 3434 KiB  
Article
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Morphing Supercritical Airfoils for Aircraft with All-Stage High Performance
by Yuwei Cheng, Jinyuan Zeng, Qian Chen, Haizhao Liang and Peng Bai
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1128; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031128 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3500
Abstract
Morphing airfoil is a promising technology for future aircraft to realize all-stage high performance. In the present paper, a conceptual aircraft with morphing airfoil is proposed and the aerodynamic characteristics of three types of morphing airfoils (variable-camber airfoil, variable-chord airfoil, and the combination [...] Read more.
Morphing airfoil is a promising technology for future aircraft to realize all-stage high performance. In the present paper, a conceptual aircraft with morphing airfoil is proposed and the aerodynamic characteristics of three types of morphing airfoils (variable-camber airfoil, variable-chord airfoil, and the combination of both morphing styles) are numerically investigated. The baseline airfoil is RAE 2822 supercritical airfoil; the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method is adopted for numerical simulation of flow around airfoils, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation method is validated by comparing with experimental data. It is found that the variable-camber and -chord airfoil can not only improve the high lift characteristics at take-off stage, but also increase the lift-to-drag ratio at transonic cruise and low-speed task stages during which the required lift is continuously decreasing due to the consumption of fuel. These findings imply that aircraft with proper morphing airfoil can achieve all-stage high aerodynamic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Applied Aerodynamics)
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