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Search Results (5)

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Keywords = stationary steam engines

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37 pages, 22339 KiB  
Review
Stationary Steam Engines in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
by R. Damian Nance
Histories 2024, 4(3), 256-292; https://doi.org/10.3390/histories4030013 - 9 Jul 2024
Viewed by 2477
Abstract
In Puerto Rico and each of the U.S. Virgin Islands, stationary steam engines survive on their original foundations and stand in testament to the long history of sugar production in the American territories of the Caribbean. In total, six beam engines, seven horizontal [...] Read more.
In Puerto Rico and each of the U.S. Virgin Islands, stationary steam engines survive on their original foundations and stand in testament to the long history of sugar production in the American territories of the Caribbean. In total, six beam engines, seven horizontal engines, one vertical engine, and a compound engine exist on the islands in various states of preservation, many amid the ruins of the plantations (haciendas) whose output they made possible. The whereabouts of an eighth horizontal engine recorded in 1976 remains unknown. Most were imported from Britain in the second half of the nineteenth century, but at least one is of American build. These machines not only provide unique examples of the adaption of steam technology to the needs of nineteenth-century sugar production but are also lasting symbols of an industry that once dominated the economy of these islands and remain deeply entwined in their history. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section History of Knowledge)
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19 pages, 18216 KiB  
Article
Analysis from the Functional Viewpoint of a Single-Cylinder Horizontal Steam Engine with a Crosshead Trunk Guide through Engineering Graphics
by José Ignacio Rojas-Sola and Juan Carlos Barranco-Molina
Symmetry 2024, 16(6), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060722 - 10 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1722
Abstract
This paper explores a historical innovation created by Henry Muncaster: a stationary steam engine featuring a single-cylinder horizontal design with a crosshead trunk guide. Through the application of engineering graphics techniques, we have elucidated the functioning of this invention by developing a 3D [...] Read more.
This paper explores a historical innovation created by Henry Muncaster: a stationary steam engine featuring a single-cylinder horizontal design with a crosshead trunk guide. Through the application of engineering graphics techniques, we have elucidated the functioning of this invention by developing a 3D CAD model based on the original drawings published in Model Engineer magazine in 1957. However, the geometric modeling process faced challenges due to missing and erroneous dimensions for several components. Consequently, dimensional, geometric, and movement constraints were applied to ensure the coherence and functionality of the 3D CAD model, alongside conducting an interference analysis. Ultimately, the proper alignment of the cylinder and crosshead was ascertained, which is crucial for maintaining uniform forces and motions within the steam engine. This alignment is pivotal for achieving balanced operation, minimizing vibrations, and enhancing the overall efficiency of the invention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Engineering and Materials)
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23 pages, 15215 KiB  
Article
Engineering Drawing Applied to the Study of the Design of a Two-Cylinder Entablature Steam Engine with Parallel Motion Crosshead
by José Ignacio Rojas-Sola and Juan Carlos Barranco-Molina
Symmetry 2024, 16(5), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050578 - 8 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2346
Abstract
This article presents an investigation into a historical invention consisting of a stationary steam engine designed by Henry Muncaster: a two-cylinder entablature steam engine with parallel motion crosshead. The present interdisciplinary research, based on the theoretical and methodological concepts of engineering drawing and [...] Read more.
This article presents an investigation into a historical invention consisting of a stationary steam engine designed by Henry Muncaster: a two-cylinder entablature steam engine with parallel motion crosshead. The present interdisciplinary research, based on the theoretical and methodological concepts of engineering drawing and computer-aided design, has allowed us to understand the operation of this invention from the 3D CAD model of the invention obtained thanks to the original drawings published in the magazine Model Engineer in 1957 and reproduced in 2017, since there is no descriptive information related to the invention. However, there have been drawbacks in the geometric modeling process since the dimensions of some components did not exist and in other cases they were erroneous. For this reason, dimensional, geometric and movement constraints (degrees of freedom) had to be applied so that said 3D CAD model would be coherent and functional, and an interference analysis also had to be performed. Finally, the existing symmetry in the arrangement of the cylinders and the crosshead has been discovered, it being essential to guarantee that the forces and movements are uniform on both sides of the steam engine, and allowing the work to be carried out in a more balanced manner by reducing vibrations and improving the overall efficiency of the invention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphic Representation and Symmetry Applied to the Technical Historical Heritage)
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25 pages, 9580 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Numerical Methods for Simulating N-Heptane Combustion with Steam Additive
by Andrey V. Minakov, Viktor A. Kuznetsov, Artem A. Dekterev, Igor S. Anufriev, Evgeny P. Kopyev and Sergey V. Alekseenko
Energies 2023, 16(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010025 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
Currently, thermal power plants operating on hydrocarbon fuels (gas, fuel oil, peat, shale, etc.) are one of the main sources of electricity. An effective and promising method for suppressing harmful emissions (NOx, carbon oxides, soot) from the combustion of fossil fuels [...] Read more.
Currently, thermal power plants operating on hydrocarbon fuels (gas, fuel oil, peat, shale, etc.) are one of the main sources of electricity. An effective and promising method for suppressing harmful emissions (NOx, carbon oxides, soot) from the combustion of fossil fuels is the injection of steam into the combustion chamber. The influence of various mathematical submodels was studied on the accuracy of the numerical simulation of the process of n-heptane combustion in a laboratory burner with steam additive to the reaction zone as a promising chemical engineering method for the disposal of substandard liquid fuels and combustible waste with the production of thermal energy. The problem was solved in a three-dimensional stationary formulation. Systematic verification of these submodels, and a comparison of the results of the calculation with the experimental data obtained were carried out. The comparison with the experimental data was carried out for gas components and temperature distribution at the burner outlet; high agreement of the results was achieved. Optimal submodels of the methodology for calculating the process of fuel combustion in a jet of steam were determined. The best agreement with the experiment data was obtained using the EDC model in combination with a mechanism consisting of 60 components and 305 elementary reactions. More correct simulation results were obtained using the RSM turbulence model and the DO radiation model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Analysis and Modeling in Furnaces and Boilers)
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17 pages, 13392 KiB  
Article
Hot Blade Shape Reconstruction Considering Variable Stiffness and Unbalanced Load in a Steam Turbine
by Guodong Yi, Huifang Zhou, Lemiao Qiu and Jundi Wu
Energies 2020, 13(4), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040835 - 14 Feb 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3036
Abstract
The blades in the low-pressure stage of a steam turbine must be reverse engineered according to the ideal blade shape due to the deformation of the blade during operation. A numerical analysis model of the flow field of the blades is proposed, and [...] Read more.
The blades in the low-pressure stage of a steam turbine must be reverse engineered according to the ideal blade shape due to the deformation of the blade during operation. A numerical analysis model of the flow field of the blades is proposed, and the model is solved by alternating between the fluid domain and the solid domain. Considering the imbalance of the load acting on the blade surface and the change in the blade stiffness matrix when the steam turbine is running, the Newton–Raphson method is used to calculate the pressure of the steam fluid on the blade surface and the change in the flow field caused by the blade deformation in each time step. The data are exchanged between the fluid domain and the solid domain after a single-step solution is completed. The simultaneous changes in the fluid domain and the solid domain are discretized in very short time steps, and the process of the blade deformation from stationary to running is simulated by accumulating the time steps. Finally, the trends in the change in the blade deformation and the aerodynamic load during the deformation process are analyzed according to the result of the reconstruction of the blade shape. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
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