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Keywords = primary and secondary pump intakes

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20 pages, 7499 KB  
Article
Experimental Vortex Flow Patterns in the Primary and Secondary Pump Intakes of a Model Underground Pumping Station
by Miao Guo, Zhigang Zuo, Shuhong Liu, Huijun Zou, Baoyu Chen and Deyou Li
Energies 2020, 13(7), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071790 - 8 Apr 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5350
Abstract
In order to provide specific references and suggestions for the design and operation of underground pumping stations, in this paper, an experimental model of an underground pumping station, including 4 pumps and 2 pump intakes (primary and secondary), was obtained through similitude of [...] Read more.
In order to provide specific references and suggestions for the design and operation of underground pumping stations, in this paper, an experimental model of an underground pumping station, including 4 pumps and 2 pump intakes (primary and secondary), was obtained through similitude of fluid mechanics. The phase diagrams of various vortices, in terms of different dimensionless numbers are presented, which can reveal their appearance and evolution process. Three specific cases with different vortex flows were analyzed. The experiment results may provide a reference for the current design guidelines for underground pumping stations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental and Energy Assessment of Alternative Fuels)
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13 pages, 1161 KB  
Article
The Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Renal Function in Kidney Transplanted Patients
by Dominik J. G. Flothow, Barbara Suwelack, Hermann Pavenstädt, Katharina Schütte-Nütgen and Stefan Reuter
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(1), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010258 - 18 Jan 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4842
Abstract
Recently, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) intake has been linked to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of PPIs on renal function and rejection rate in kidney transplant patients. We performed a single [...] Read more.
Recently, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) intake has been linked to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of PPIs on renal function and rejection rate in kidney transplant patients. We performed a single center, retrospective analysis of 455 patients who received a kidney transplant between May 2010 and July 2015. Median follow-up time was 3.3 years. PPI prescription was assessed in half-year intervals. Primary outcome parameters were the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), change in the eGFR, and >30% and >50% eGFR decline for different time periods (up to four years post-transplantation). Our secondary outcome parameter was occurrence of biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR) in the first two years after transplantation. Except for >30% eGFR decline from half a year to two years post-transplantation (p = 0.044) and change in the eGFR, >30% and >50% eGFR decline showed no association with PPI intake in our patient cohort (p > 0.05). Similarly, by analyzing 158 rejection episodes, BPAR showed no correspondence with mean daily PPI intake. We conclude that prolonged PPI intake has no relevant adverse effect on kidney transplant function or rejection rates. Polypharmacy, however, remains a problem in renal transplant recipients and it is thus advisable to question the necessity of PPI prescriptions when clear indications are missing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Clinical Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation)
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