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Keywords = porcine whole blood protein hydrolysates

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11 pages, 2872 KiB  
Article
Effect of Porcine Whole Blood Protein Hydrolysate on Slow-Twitch Muscle Fiber Expression and Mitochondrial Biogenesis via the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway
by Sun Woo Jin, Gi Ho Lee, Ji Yeon Kim, Chae Yeon Kim, Young Moo Choo, Whajung Cho, Eun Hee Han, Yong Pil Hwang, Yong An Kim and Hye Gwang Jeong
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1229; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031229 - 22 Jan 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4412
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue composed of a variety of functionally different fiber types. Slow-twitch type I muscle fibers are rich with mitochondria, and mitochondrial biogenesis promotes a shift towards more slow fibers. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), regulates slow-twitch muscle [...] Read more.
Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue composed of a variety of functionally different fiber types. Slow-twitch type I muscle fibers are rich with mitochondria, and mitochondrial biogenesis promotes a shift towards more slow fibers. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), regulates slow-twitch muscle fiber expression and mitochondrial function. The BCAA content is increased in porcine whole-blood protein hydrolysates (PWBPH) but the effect of PWBPH on muscle fiber type conversion is unknown. Supplementation with PWBPH (250 and 500 mg/kg for 5 weeks) increased time to exhaustion in the forced swimming test and the mass of the quadriceps femoris muscle but decreased the levels of blood markers of exercise-induced fatigue. PWBPH also promoted fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscle fiber conversion, elevated the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers (SIRT1, p-AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM) and increased succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities in ICR mice. Similarly, PWBPH induced markers of slow-twitch muscle fibers and mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, AMPK and SIRT1 inhibition blocked the PWBPH-induced muscle fiber type conversion in C2C12 myotubes. These results indicate that PWBPH enhances exercise performance by promoting slow-twitch muscle fiber expression and mitochondrial function via the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantitative Identification and Action-Mechanisms of Anti-cancer and Anti-inflammatory Natural Compounds 2.0)
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10 pages, 8669 KiB  
Article
Effects of Porcine Whole-Blood Protein Hydrolysate on Exercise Function and Skeletal Muscle Differentiation
by Sun Woo Jin, Gi Ho Lee, Ji Yeon Kim, Chae Yeon Kim, Young Moo Choo, Whajung Cho, Jae Ho Choi, Eun Hee Han, Yong Pil Hwang and Hye Gwang Jeong
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010017 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3320
Abstract
A number of studies have utilized blood waste as a bioresource by enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids, which can increase muscle mass or prevent muscle loss during weight loss. Although a significantly high content of branched-chain amino [...] Read more.
A number of studies have utilized blood waste as a bioresource by enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids, which can increase muscle mass or prevent muscle loss during weight loss. Although a significantly high content of branched-chain amino acids has been reported in porcine whole-blood protein hydrolysate (PWBPH), the effects of PWBPH on skeletal muscle differentiation and exercise function remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of PWBPH on exercise endurance in ICR mice and muscle differentiation in C2C12 mouse myoblasts and gastrocnemius (Gas) muscle of mice. Supplementation with PWBPH (250 and 500 mg/kg for 5 weeks) increased the time to exhaustion on a treadmill. PWBPH also increased the Gas muscle weight to body weight ratio. In addition, PWBPH treatment increased skeletal muscle differentiation proteins and promoted the Akt/mTOR-dependent signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that PWBPH can be utilized as a bioresource to enhance exercise function and skeletal muscle differentiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion)
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