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Poplar coma, the fluff-like appendages of seeds originating from the differentiated surface cells of the placenta and funicle, aids in the long-distance dispersal of seeds in the spring. However, it also poses hazards to human safety and causes pollution in the surrounding environment. Unraveling the regulatory mechanisms governing the initiation and development of coma is essential for addressing this issue comprehensively. In this study, strand-specific RNA-seq was conducted at three distinct stages of coma development, revealing 1888 lncRNAs and 52,810 mRNAs. The expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs during coma development were analyzed. Subsequently, potential target genes of lncRNAs were predicted through co-localization and co-expression analyses. Integrating various types of sequencing data, lncRNA-miRNA-TF regulatory networks related to the initiation of coma were constructed. Utilizing identified differentially expressed genes encoding kinesin and actin, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks associated with the construction and arrangement of the coma cytoskeleton were established. Additionally, relying on differentially expressed genes encoding cellulose synthase, sucrose synthase, and expansin, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to coma cell wall synthesis and remodeling were developed. This study not only enhances the comprehension of lncRNA but also provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the initiation and development of poplar coma. Full article