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Keywords = point of common cabling (PCC)

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13 pages, 4642 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Power Plant on Medium-Voltage Feeder: Palestine Polytechnic University Case Study
by Maher Maghalseh, Nassim Iqteit, Haitham Alqadi and Salman Ajib
Solar 2025, 5(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/solar5010001 - 16 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1239
Abstract
The conventional unidirectional power flow model of centralized energy grids is being revolutionized by integrating renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, to meet the escalating demand for electricity while ensuring sustainability. However, this integration challenges the efficiency and performance of power systems [...] Read more.
The conventional unidirectional power flow model of centralized energy grids is being revolutionized by integrating renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, to meet the escalating demand for electricity while ensuring sustainability. However, this integration challenges the efficiency and performance of power systems and impacts various parameters, including power quality, voltage profile, power factor, power loss, and load flow. This paper investigates the effects and performance of a grid-tied PV system integrated into the conventional power system, focusing on the Palestine Polytechnic University (PPU) 230 kWp PV plant as a real-world case study. Simulations conducted using ETAP software revealed that integrating the PV system resulted in a slight increase in the voltage level at the main bus of the PPU feeder, with an increase of 0.03% at the medium-voltage level. Additionally, the voltage level at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) increased by 0.51% with a PV penetration level of only 14.7%, which remains within the acceptable range according to IEEE 1547 standards. These findings underscore the minimal impact of the PV system on the voltage profile and highlight the system’s ability to maintain power quality and efficiency even with the addition of renewable energy sources. The daily load profiles were studied with and without the PV system, providing a comprehensive analysis of its effects on the grid. Full article
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18 pages, 8623 KiB  
Article
Investigation and Mitigation of Temporary Overvoltage Caused by De-Energization on an Offshore Wind Farm
by Ajibola Akinrinde, Andrew Swanson and Innocent Davidson
Energies 2020, 13(17), 4439; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174439 - 27 Aug 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3184
Abstract
The Ferranti effect could cause a rise in voltage along the cables on a wind farm if the circuit breakers at the receiving ends are switched off. Ferroresonance could also occur due to stuck pole(s) of the circuit breaker during de-energization. This paper [...] Read more.
The Ferranti effect could cause a rise in voltage along the cables on a wind farm if the circuit breakers at the receiving ends are switched off. Ferroresonance could also occur due to stuck pole(s) of the circuit breaker during de-energization. This paper reports on the temporary overvoltage (TOV) arising from the de-energization of the circuit breaker connecting the wind turbine to the feeder, the feeder breaker connecting an array of wind turbines to the point of common coupling (PCC), and the opening of the circuit breaker connecting the onshore to the offshore substation. Ferroresonance was characterized using a phase plane diagram and Poincaré map and was identified to be chaotic. The effect of the nonlinear characteristic of the wind transformer core on the ferroresonant overvoltage was examined and increased with the steepness of slope of the transformer curve. A damping resistor, shunt reactor and surge arrester were used to mitigate the overvoltage experienced during the ferroresonant event. The damping resistor was able to reduce the overvoltage to 1.24 P.U. and damped the ferroresonance from chaotic to fundamental mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy)
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22 pages, 7239 KiB  
Article
Remote Power Control Injection of Grid-Connected Power Converters Based on Virtual Flux
by Nurul Fazlin Roslan, Alvaro Luna, Joan Rocabert, Jose Ignacio Candela and Pedro Rodriguez
Energies 2018, 11(3), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11030488 - 26 Feb 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4373
Abstract
Renewable Energy Source (RES)-based power plants need to control the active and reactive power at the Point of Common Connection (PCC) with the grid, in order to comply with the requirements of the Transmission System Operators (TSOs). This point is normally far away [...] Read more.
Renewable Energy Source (RES)-based power plants need to control the active and reactive power at the Point of Common Connection (PCC) with the grid, in order to comply with the requirements of the Transmission System Operators (TSOs). This point is normally far away from the power converter station, and the cables and step-up transformers have a non-neglectable influence on the delivered power. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper presents a control algorithm that permits one to control remotely the power injected at the PCC, by adjusting the local controller of the Voltage Source Converters (VSCs). In this work, the synchronization with the grid is done based on the Virtual Flux (VF) concept. The results reveals that the VF estimation is able to produce a reliable estimation of the grid voltage in any point of the network, and makes it possible to calculate the necessary current reference for injecting a desired active and reactive power at a point that can be some kilometres away. In this paper the main principle for this remote power control is presented. Likewise, the simulation and experimental results will be shown in order to analyse the effectiveness of the proposed system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable and Renewable Energy Systems)
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