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Keywords = overhang PV collectors

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18 pages, 4308 KB  
Article
A Small Modular House as a Response to the Energy Crisis
by Miroslaw Zukowski
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8058; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218058 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3101
Abstract
Energy security is becoming one of the most important issues today. Continuous increases in the prices of fossil fuels, firewood and wood pellets have become commonplace in many countries. One positive effect of this situation is the greater focus on the development of [...] Read more.
Energy security is becoming one of the most important issues today. Continuous increases in the prices of fossil fuels, firewood and wood pellets have become commonplace in many countries. One positive effect of this situation is the greater focus on the development of renewable energy technologies and the search for solutions to reduce the heat demands of residential buildings. The purpose of this paper is to present a small modular building that can be a response to the energy crisis and Ukraine’s wave of refugees in Poland. The results of the energy simulations performed in DesignBuilder software showed that this type of house has a primary energy demand of 139.35 kWh/m2. The calculations were performed for the climatic conditions of north-eastern Poland, assuming natural gas as the fuel. The use of a geothermal heat pump reduced this value to 90.14 kWh/m2. In order to achieve a zero primary energy balance, 23.76 m2 of PV panels and 4 m2 of solar thermal collectors should be installed. In addition, the influence of the overhangs and the glazing area on the heat gain from the solar radiation was analyzed. A drop in temperature inside the house in the event of a continuous power failure was also investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internal Environment and Thermal Performance of Buildings)
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14 pages, 5264 KB  
Article
Shading by Overhang PV Collectors
by Joseph Appelbaum, Avi Aronescu and Tamir Maor
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4280; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204280 - 12 Oct 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3918
Abstract
Photovoltaic modules integrated into buildings may provide shading to windows, doors and walls to protect against sun rays and at the same time generate ancillary electrical energy. The study develops the methodology for calculating the shadow variation cast by overhangs on doors, windows, [...] Read more.
Photovoltaic modules integrated into buildings may provide shading to windows, doors and walls to protect against sun rays and at the same time generate ancillary electrical energy. The study develops the methodology for calculating the shadow variation cast by overhangs on doors, windows, carports, and calculates the annual incident energy (beam, diffuse and global energy) on overhangs made up of conventional and bifacial PV modules. The methodology of the present study is different from published articles including software programs. The study starts with shadows on walls cast by a horizontal pole and follows by shadows on walls cast by horizontal plates, inclined pole, inclined plate, and shaded area. The study deals also with overhangs placed one above the other. The calculation of the diffuse radiation involves the calculation of view factors to sky, to ground and between overhangs. In addition, the present study suggests using bifacial PV modules for overhangs and calculates the contribution of the reflective energy (5% and more) from walls and ground to the rear side of the bifacial PV module. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Generation Solar Cells, Modules and Applications)
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