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Search Results (4)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = ordinary legislative procedure

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25 pages, 1580 KiB  
Article
Tax Policies for Housing Energy Efficiency in Italy: A Risk Analysis Model for Energy Service Companies
by Maria Macchiaroli, Luigi Dolores, Gianluigi De Mare and Luigi Nicodemo
Buildings 2023, 13(3), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030582 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3293
Abstract
The Superbonus is an Italian tax relief policy aimed at encouraging residential buildings’ energy and seismic efficiency. Only the energy part of the legislation is analyzed here. The tax deductions of the Superbonus exceed the nominal value of the project, making the interventions [...] Read more.
The Superbonus is an Italian tax relief policy aimed at encouraging residential buildings’ energy and seismic efficiency. Only the energy part of the legislation is analyzed here. The tax deductions of the Superbonus exceed the nominal value of the project, making the interventions convenient even for economically disadvantaged citizens and small construction companies. However, the measure has only found wide diffusion in single-family housing, while it proceeds more slowly for multi-family buildings, where procedural complexities greatly amplify the risk of the financial failure of projects. The purpose of the paper is to analyze how urban planning and technical and administrative problems affect the Return on Investment (ROI) when the Superbonus is applied to multi-unit buildings. Therefore, a financial risk analysis is conducted from the perspective of an ordinary Energy Service Company (ESCo), which assumes the burden of carrying out energy efficiency measures. The property considered has all the requirements of an ordinary multi-family building for which the Superbonus is generally used. The works considered are also those carried out most frequently. The study shows that only three out of five energy interventions are financially sustainable. This result is in line with the data provided by the Italian Revenue Agency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
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17 pages, 737 KiB  
Article
Impact of the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Acquisition of Goods and Services in the Italian Health System
by Martina Capuzzo, Gian Luca Viganò, Cinzia Boniotti, Lucia Maria Ignoti, Claudia Duri and Veronica Cimolin
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042000 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2377
Abstract
The emergency caused by the escalation in the COVID-19 pandemic, which became widespread starting on 31 January 2020, put a strain on the Italian National Health System and forced purchasing centres to deviate from the ordinary general principles dictated by current legislation. The [...] Read more.
The emergency caused by the escalation in the COVID-19 pandemic, which became widespread starting on 31 January 2020, put a strain on the Italian National Health System and forced purchasing centres to deviate from the ordinary general principles dictated by current legislation. The aim of this paper is to describe how Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia challenged the crisis, structured itself optimally, followed simplified procedures, launched new processes, and opened up more Intensive Care Unit beds to accommodate the high number of COVID cases. From an analysis of the equipment variation in terms of increased purchases, subsequent installations, and tests carried out compared with the pre-pandemic period, we report the difficulties that hospitals had to face in the first phase of the pandemic and how they were able to respond to their needs. Our data clearly displayed how the pandemic situation led to a deep internal reorganisation and that the drafting of simpler, effective, and adaptable procedures represents a first key element to ensure receptivity and responsiveness in the management of ordinary and non-ordinary events such as this pandemic condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Technologies in Pandemic Management)
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10 pages, 734 KiB  
Article
Food Hygiene Surveillance in Italy: Is Food Ice a Public Health Risk?
by Giuseppina Caggiano, Vincenzo Marcotrigiano, Paolo Trerotoli, Giusy Diella, Serafina Rutigliano, Francesca Apollonio, Angelo Marzella, Francesco Triggiano, Matilde Gramegna, Domenico Lagravinese, Giovanni Trifone Sorrenti, Pantaleo Magarelli, Umberto Moscato and Maria Teresa Montagna
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2408; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072408 - 2 Apr 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3806
Abstract
Food ice is used as an ingredient or as a coolant in drinks and in the storage of food, especially fishery products. Studies show that ice can be polluted both by chemical substances and by bacteria and fungi. In particular, the presence of [...] Read more.
Food ice is used as an ingredient or as a coolant in drinks and in the storage of food, especially fishery products. Studies show that ice can be polluted both by chemical substances and by bacteria and fungi. In particular, the presence of fungi in these food matrices has acquired an important role in Public Health, as it can represent a risk factor for fungal complications in immunocompromised subjects. In the present study we evaluated the hygiene–sanitary quality of food ice from public and collective catering establishments in a large area of Southern Italy, investigating the mandatory parameters (Escherichia coli, coliform and Enterococci) and some accessory parameters (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi) provided for Italian Legislative Decree 31/01. Although 54.5% of samples were compliant, the results highlight a vast contamination of food ice by bacteria and fungi. In particular, 95.8% of samples were contaminated by fungi, stressing no difference between compliant and non-compliant samples. Their presence is generally attributable to the poor sanitation conditions in the production and/or administration phase and to the incorrect sanitization and ordinary maintenance procedures. It seems appropriate to suggest the need to carry out a specific risk assessment with respect to the self-control plans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Hygiene, Water Quality and Human Health)
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18 pages, 1581 KiB  
Article
Efficiency and Effectiveness of the European Parliament under the Ordinary Legislative Procedure
by Ani Matei, Cristina Ciora, Adrian Stelian Dumitru and Reli Ceche
Adm. Sci. 2019, 9(3), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9030070 - 12 Sep 2019
Viewed by 6278
Abstract
In the aftermath of the 2019 European elections, the article tries to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the European Parliament within the framework of the ordinary legislative procedure (co-decision). After defining and formulating the main indicators, the paper analyses the micro- and [...] Read more.
In the aftermath of the 2019 European elections, the article tries to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the European Parliament within the framework of the ordinary legislative procedure (co-decision). After defining and formulating the main indicators, the paper analyses the micro- and macro-performance of the European Parliament within the decision-making process from a quantitative-qualitative and a qualitative-quantitative perspective; highlighting the relativizing factors and the responsiveness of the European decision-making process to the Europeans’ needs. Full article
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