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Search Results (4)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = nonsingular ring

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13 pages, 295 KiB  
Article
On Subprojectivity of Goldie Torsion Modules
by Hashem Bordbar, Yılmaz Durğun, Yara Şihkayad and Ergül Türkmen
Axioms 2025, 14(7), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14070536 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 193
Abstract
Recently, the concept of subprojectivity domains for modules has been introduced as a means of quantifying the level of projectivity exhibited by a module. In this research article, we focus on the subprojectivity domain of Goldie torsion modules. In particular, we establish that [...] Read more.
Recently, the concept of subprojectivity domains for modules has been introduced as a means of quantifying the level of projectivity exhibited by a module. In this research article, we focus on the subprojectivity domain of Goldie torsion modules. In particular, we establish that a ring denoted as R is classified as right nonsingular if and only if the subprojectivity domain of each Goldie torsion module is closed under submodules. In addition, we demonstrate that a right C-ring is a right nonsingular ring if and only if every module possesses an epic ecf-flat envelope, which is further equivalent to each Goldie torsion module having an epic projective envelope. Full article
22 pages, 9548 KiB  
Article
Research on the Synchronization Control Strategy of Regenerative Braking of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles
by Ren He and Yukun Xie
World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15(11), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15110512 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1359
Abstract
To solve the problem of asynchronous speed between the coaxial in-wheel motors of distributed drive electric vehicle caused by changes in the road surface, load, and other factors during the regenerative braking of the vehicle, which may result in a yaw motion of [...] Read more.
To solve the problem of asynchronous speed between the coaxial in-wheel motors of distributed drive electric vehicle caused by changes in the road surface, load, and other factors during the regenerative braking of the vehicle, which may result in a yaw motion of the vehicle and a reduction in vehicle stability, a synchronization control strategy of regenerative braking for distributed drive electric vehicles is proposed. Firstly, a ring-coupled synchronous control strategy with the current compensation module is designed. Then, the speed controller of a permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motor and a compensation controller of synchronous control are designed based on the non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control. Combining this with the regenerative braking control strategy, a regenerative braking synchronization control strategy is designed. The simulation results show that compared with the existing synchronization control strategy, the designed new ring-coupled synchronization control strategy can improve the speed synchronization performance between the motors after the disturbance. Moreover, compared with the conventional regenerative braking control strategy, the regenerative braking synchronization control strategy can reduce the speed synchronization error between the motors during the regenerative braking process, so as to improve the synchronization and output stability of the motors during the braking process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Electric Vehicle Control, Testing and Evaluation)
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12 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Inverses and Determinants of n × n Block Matrices
by Müge Saadetoğlu and Şakir Mehmet Dinsev
Mathematics 2023, 11(17), 3784; https://doi.org/10.3390/math11173784 - 3 Sep 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 8258
Abstract
Block matrices play an important role in all branches of pure and applied mathematics. In this paper, we study the two fundamental concepts: inverses and determinants of general n×n block matrices. In the first part, the inverses of 2×2 [...] Read more.
Block matrices play an important role in all branches of pure and applied mathematics. In this paper, we study the two fundamental concepts: inverses and determinants of general n×n block matrices. In the first part, the inverses of 2×2 block matrices are given, where one of the blocks is a non-singular matrix, a result which can be generalised to a block matrix of any size, by splitting it into four blocks. The second part focuses on the determinants, which is covered in two different methods. In the first approach, we revise a formula for the determinant of a block matrix A, with blocks elements of R; a commutative subring of Mn×n(F). The determinants of tensor products of two matrices are also given in this part. In the second method for computing the determinant, we give the general formula, which would work for any block matrix, regardless of the ring or the field under consideration. The individual formulas for determinants of 2×2 and 3×3 block matrices are also produced here. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section A: Algebra and Logic)
16 pages, 11148 KiB  
Article
On Interpolative Meshless Analysis of Orthotropic Elasticity
by You-Yun Zou, Yu-Cheng Tian, D. M. Li, Xu-Bao Luo and Bin Liu
Buildings 2023, 13(2), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020387 - 31 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1688
Abstract
As one possible alternative to the finite element method, the interpolation characteristic is a key property that meshless shape functions aspire to. Meanwhile, the interpolation meshless method can directly impose essential boundary conditions, which is undoubtedly an advantage over other meshless methods. In [...] Read more.
As one possible alternative to the finite element method, the interpolation characteristic is a key property that meshless shape functions aspire to. Meanwhile, the interpolation meshless method can directly impose essential boundary conditions, which is undoubtedly an advantage over other meshless methods. In this paper, the establishment, implementation, and horizontal comparison of interpolative meshless analyses of orthotropic elasticity were studied. In addition, the radial point interpolation method, the improved interpolative element-free Galerkin method and the interpolative element-free Galerkin method based on the non-singular weight function were applied to solve orthotropic beams and ring problems. Meanwhile, the direct method is used to apply the displacement boundary conditions for orthotropic elastic problems. Finally, a detailed convergence study of the numerical parameters and horizontal comparison of numerical accuracy and efficiency were carried out. The results indicate that the three kinds of interpolative meshless methods showed good numerical accuracy in modelling orthotropic elastic problems, and the accuracy of the radial point interpolation method is the highest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Numerical and Computer Methods in Civil Engineering)
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