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Keywords = macadamia quick decline

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9 pages, 1844 KB  
Article
An Improved Sampling and Baiting Method for Phytophthora tropicalis and P. heveae Detection in Macadamia integrifolia
by Christopher M. Ference and Lisa M. Keith
Plants 2024, 13(19), 2687; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13192687 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1046
Abstract
Macadamia nuts are, economically, the second most important crop in the state of Hawai’i. A recent decline in yield and acreage has been attributed to insect damage and diseases such as Macadamia Quick Decline (MQD) caused by Phytophthora tropicalis and P. heveae. [...] Read more.
Macadamia nuts are, economically, the second most important crop in the state of Hawai’i. A recent decline in yield and acreage has been attributed to insect damage and diseases such as Macadamia Quick Decline (MQD) caused by Phytophthora tropicalis and P. heveae. To develop an improved methodology for the diagnosis and treatment of MQD, investigations were undertaken to better understand the pathosystem of the disease. These investigations included sampling from multiple locations from sectioned trees utilizing two methods of tissue collection and isolations using two baiting techniques. The collection of tissue from the cambium and phloem of trees after scraping away the bark and in locations of recent or current sap exudation using a narrow diameter steel awl proved to be an efficient means for the molecular detection of the MQD pathogens from infected trees exhibiting MQD symptoms. In addition, a more efficient and cost-effective baiting method using apple puree was developed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Methods for Detection and Control Strategies of Phytopathogens)
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17 pages, 4825 KB  
Review
Managing Macadamia Decline: A Review and Proposed Biological Control Strategies
by Xiaofang Yao, Qiumei Liu, Yongxin Liu and Dejun Li
Agronomy 2024, 14(2), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020308 - 30 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4697
Abstract
Macadamia decline poses a serious economic threat to the macadamia industry. It exhibits either a slow decline due to infection by Kretzschmaria clavus or Ganoderma lucidum, or a quick decline caused by pathogens like Phytophthora spp., Lasiodiplodia spp., Neofusiccocum spp., Nectria rugulosa [...] Read more.
Macadamia decline poses a serious economic threat to the macadamia industry. It exhibits either a slow decline due to infection by Kretzschmaria clavus or Ganoderma lucidum, or a quick decline caused by pathogens like Phytophthora spp., Lasiodiplodia spp., Neofusiccocum spp., Nectria rugulosa, Xylaria arbuscula, Phellinus gilvus, Acremonium recifei, and Rosellinia spp. Chemical strategies, resistant cultivars, and agronomic measures have been widely adopted to control macadamia decline, but effective biological control measures have rarely been applied. This paper proposes two key steps for implementing biological control strategies, i.e., the isolation and selection of biological control agents from healthy plants, or from the disease-suppressive soil for the construction of synthetic microbial communities, and the integration of synthetic microbial communities with various strategies, including seed coating, root dipping, seedling substrate, soil drenching, foliar spraying, and application as a bio-organic fertilizer. By adopting these strategies, we aim to provide proactive and efficient approaches for combating macadamia decline and safeguarding the health of macadamia orchards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pest and Disease Management)
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