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Keywords = low-noise high-power laser interferometry

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14 pages, 1661 KB  
Article
In-Situ Detection for Atomic Density in the K-Rb-21Ne Co-Magnetometer via an Optical Heterodyne Interferometry
by Sixun Liu, Zhuo Wang and Yueyang Zhai
Photonics 2023, 10(10), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10101091 - 28 Sep 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1663
Abstract
The low-frequency fluctuations of the atomic density within the cell can induce the longterm drift of the K-Rb-21Ne spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometer output, such that the accurate measurement of in situ atomic density is of great significance for improving the performance [...] Read more.
The low-frequency fluctuations of the atomic density within the cell can induce the longterm drift of the K-Rb-21Ne spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometer output, such that the accurate measurement of in situ atomic density is of great significance for improving the performance of co-magnetometer. In this paper, the complex refractive index model of the spin ensembles under the hybrid optical pumping condition is established first, according to which the relation between atomic density and its complex refractive index is revealed and an optical heterodyne-based scheme for atomic density detection is proposed. The dependence of the atomic density on the demodulated phase signal from the optical heterodyne-based scheme is provided by numerical simulations. After that, a dual acousto-optics frequency shifter (AOFS)-based optical heterodyne interferometry is constructed with a noise level below 1 mrad/Hz for frequencies > 1 Hz, and a compact SERF co-magnetometer is implemented as the testing medium, by which the atomic density detection with resolution of 0.40 K @ 473 K is reached and the experimental results agree well with theoretical simulations. Moreover, the detection scheme proposed in this paper has the properties of high detection sensitivity and immunity to laser power fluctuation, which are also proved experimentally. Full article
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30 pages, 4303 KB  
Review
Review of the Advanced LIGO Gravitational Wave Observatories Leading to Observing Run Four
by Craig Cahillane and Georgia Mansell
Galaxies 2022, 10(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10010036 - 15 Feb 2022
Cited by 78 | Viewed by 13415
Abstract
Gravitational waves from binary black hole and neutron star mergers are being regularly detected. As of 2021, 90 confident gravitational wave detections have been made by the LIGO and Virgo detectors. Work is ongoing to further increase the sensitivity of the detectors for [...] Read more.
Gravitational waves from binary black hole and neutron star mergers are being regularly detected. As of 2021, 90 confident gravitational wave detections have been made by the LIGO and Virgo detectors. Work is ongoing to further increase the sensitivity of the detectors for the fourth observing run, including installing some of the A+ upgrades designed to lower the fundamental noise that limits the sensitivity to gravitational waves. In this review, we will provide an overview of the LIGO detectors optical configuration and lock acquisition procedure, discuss the detectors’ fundamental and technical noise limits, show the current measured sensitivity, and explore the A+ upgrades currently being installed in the detectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Present and Future of Gravitational Wave Astronomy)
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