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Search Results (7)

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Keywords = liquid crystal microlenses

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17 pages, 9453 KiB  
Review
Progress and Prospect of Liquid Crystal Droplets
by Le Zhou, Tingjun Zhong, Huihui Wang, Ke Xu, Pouya Nosratkhah and Kristiaan Neyts
Crystals 2024, 14(11), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14110934 - 29 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2459
Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC) droplets are highly attractive for applications in privacy windows, optical switches, optical vortices, optical microresonators, microlenses, and biosensors due to their ease of fabrication and easy alignment at surfaces. This review presents the latest advancements in LC droplets, which have [...] Read more.
Liquid crystal (LC) droplets are highly attractive for applications in privacy windows, optical switches, optical vortices, optical microresonators, microlenses, and biosensors due to their ease of fabrication and easy alignment at surfaces. This review presents the latest advancements in LC droplets, which have nematic, chiral nematic, and twist–bend nematic and ferroelectric nematic phases, or blue phases. Finally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities for applications based on LC droplets. The main challenges encompass the precise control of internal structures and defects to meet diverse application requirements, enhancing stability and durability across various environments, reducing large-scale production costs to improve commercial feasibility, increasing response speeds to external stimuli to adapt to rapidly changing scenarios, and developing tunable LC droplets to achieve broader functionalities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Crystal Materials and Devices)
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9 pages, 6410 KiB  
Article
Chiral Liquid Crystal Lenses Confined in Microchannels
by Sean M. Hare, Beatrice Lunsford-Poe, MinSu Kim and Francesca Serra
Materials 2020, 13(17), 3761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173761 - 26 Aug 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3627
Abstract
It is known that the liquid crystalline smectic-A phase has geometric defects, called focal conic domains, which can be used as gradient-index microlenses. Cholesteric (chiral nematic) phases also have topological defects with a central symmetry and a singularity at their center. We explore [...] Read more.
It is known that the liquid crystalline smectic-A phase has geometric defects, called focal conic domains, which can be used as gradient-index microlenses. Cholesteric (chiral nematic) phases also have topological defects with a central symmetry and a singularity at their center. We explore a weakly chiral system in which both types of defects can be present in the same material at different temperatures, and with this strategy we create lenses whose focal length is tunable with temperature. We measure the focal length of the tunable lenses, and we investigate the behavior of the defects near the phase transition. We identify the experimental conditions that make the simultaneous presence of the smectic focal conic domains and the circular cholesteric domains possible, such as the concentration of chiral dopant and the rate of heating and cooling. The transformation of focal conic domains into circular cholesteric domains is a new example of memory at the phase transition between smectic-A and nematic liquid crystals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Liquid Crystal Nanomaterials)
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12 pages, 2090 KiB  
Article
Research on a Dual-Mode Infrared Liquid-Crystal Device for Simultaneous Electrically Adjusted Filtering and Zooming
by Zhonglun Liu, Mingce Chen, Zhaowei Xin, Wanwan Dai, Xinjie Han, Xinyu Zhang, Haiwei Wang and Changsheng Xie
Micromachines 2019, 10(2), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10020137 - 19 Feb 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3155
Abstract
A new dual-mode liquid-crystal (LC) micro-device constructed by incorporating a Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity and an arrayed LC micro-lens for performing simultaneous electrically adjusted filtering and zooming in infrared wavelength range is presented in this paper. The main micro-structure is a micro-cavity consisting of [...] Read more.
A new dual-mode liquid-crystal (LC) micro-device constructed by incorporating a Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity and an arrayed LC micro-lens for performing simultaneous electrically adjusted filtering and zooming in infrared wavelength range is presented in this paper. The main micro-structure is a micro-cavity consisting of two parallel zinc selenide (ZnSe) substrates that are pre-coated with ~20-nm aluminum (Al) layers which served as their high-reflection films and electrodes. In particular, the top electrode of the device is patterned by 44 × 38 circular micro-holes of 120 μm diameter, which also means a 44 × 38 micro-lens array. The micro-cavity with a typical depth of ~12 μm is fully filled by LC materials. The experimental results show that the spectral component with needed frequency or wavelength can be selected effectively from incident micro-beams, and both the transmission spectrum and the point spread function can be adjusted simultaneously by simply varying the root-mean-square value of the signal voltage applied, so as to demonstrate a closely correlated feature of filtering and zooming. In addition, the maximum transmittance is already up to ~20% according the peak-to-valley value of the spectral transmittance curves, which exhibits nearly twice the increment compared with that of the ordinary LC-FP filtering without micro-lenses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical MEMS)
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47 pages, 8271 KiB  
Review
Inkjet Printing of Functional Materials for Optical and Photonic Applications
by Jorge Alamán, Raquel Alicante, Jose Ignacio Peña and Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos
Materials 2016, 9(11), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9110910 - 10 Nov 2016
Cited by 147 | Viewed by 16500
Abstract
Inkjet printing, traditionally used in graphics, has been widely investigated as a valuable tool in the preparation of functional surfaces and devices. This review focuses on the use of inkjet printing technology for the manufacturing of different optical elements and photonic devices. The [...] Read more.
Inkjet printing, traditionally used in graphics, has been widely investigated as a valuable tool in the preparation of functional surfaces and devices. This review focuses on the use of inkjet printing technology for the manufacturing of different optical elements and photonic devices. The presented overview mainly surveys work done in the fabrication of micro-optical components such as microlenses, waveguides and integrated lasers; the manufacturing of large area light emitting diodes displays, liquid crystal displays and solar cells; as well as the preparation of liquid crystal and colloidal crystal based photonic devices working as lasers or optical sensors. Special emphasis is placed on reviewing the materials employed as well as in the relevance of inkjet in the manufacturing of the different devices showing in each of the revised technologies, main achievements, applications and challenges. Full article
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17 pages, 1868 KiB  
Review
Liquid Crystal Microlenses for Autostereoscopic Displays
by José Francisco Algorri, Virginia Urruchi, Braulio García-Cámara and José M. Sánchez-Pena
Materials 2016, 9(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9010036 - 11 Jan 2016
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 8684
Abstract
Three-dimensional vision has acquired great importance in the audiovisual industry in the past ten years. Despite this, the first generation of autostereoscopic displays failed to generate enough consumer excitement. Some reasons are little 3D content and performance issues. For this reason, an exponential [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional vision has acquired great importance in the audiovisual industry in the past ten years. Despite this, the first generation of autostereoscopic displays failed to generate enough consumer excitement. Some reasons are little 3D content and performance issues. For this reason, an exponential increase in three-dimensional vision research has occurred in the last few years. In this review, a study of the historical impact of the most important technologies has been performed. This study is carried out in terms of research manuscripts per year. The results reveal that research on spatial multiplexing technique is increasing considerably and today is the most studied. For this reason, the state of the art of this technique is presented. The use of microlenses seems to be the most successful method to obtain autostereoscopic vision. When they are fabricated with liquid crystal materials, extended capabilities are produced. Among the numerous techniques for manufacturing liquid crystal microlenses, this review covers the most viable designs for its use in autostereoscopic displays. For this reason, some of the most important topologies and their relation with autostereoscopic displays are presented. Finally, the challenges in some recent applications, such as portable devices, and the future of three-dimensional displays based on liquid crystal microlenses are outlined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials for Display Applications)
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9 pages, 1326 KiB  
Article
Simulation Study on Polarization-Independent Microlens Arrays Utilizing Blue Phase Liquid Crystals with Spatially-Distributed Kerr Constants
by Hung-Shan Chen, Michael Chen, Chia-Ming Chang, Yu-Jen Wang and Yi-Hsin Lin
Micromachines 2014, 5(4), 859-867; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi5040859 - 3 Oct 2014
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6709
Abstract
Polarization independent liquid crystal (LC) microlens arrays based on controlling the spatial distribution of the Kerr constants of blue phase LC are simulated. Each sub-lens with a parabolic distribution of Kerr constants results in a parabolic phase profile when a homogeneous electric field [...] Read more.
Polarization independent liquid crystal (LC) microlens arrays based on controlling the spatial distribution of the Kerr constants of blue phase LC are simulated. Each sub-lens with a parabolic distribution of Kerr constants results in a parabolic phase profile when a homogeneous electric field is applied. We evaluate the phase distribution under different applied voltages, and the focusing properties of the microlens arrays are simulated. We also calculate polarization dependency of the microlenses arrays at oblique incidence of light. The impact of this study is to provide polarizer-free, electrically tunable focusing microlens arrays with simple electrode design based on the Kerr effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microlenses)
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25 pages, 2242 KiB  
Review
Fast-Response Liquid Crystal Microlens
by Su Xu, Yan Li, Yifan Liu, Jie Sun, Hongwen Ren and Shin-Tson Wu
Micromachines 2014, 5(2), 300-324; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi5020300 - 3 Jun 2014
Cited by 80 | Viewed by 16763 | Correction
Abstract
Electrically tunable liquid crystal microlenses have attracted strong research attention due to their advantages of tunable focusing, voltage actuation, low power consumption, simple fabrication, compact structure, and good stability. They are expected to be essential optical devices with widespread applications. However, the slow [...] Read more.
Electrically tunable liquid crystal microlenses have attracted strong research attention due to their advantages of tunable focusing, voltage actuation, low power consumption, simple fabrication, compact structure, and good stability. They are expected to be essential optical devices with widespread applications. However, the slow response time of nematic liquid crystal (LC) microlenses has been a significant technical barrier to practical applications and commercialization. LC/polymer composites, consisting of LC and monomer, are an important extension of pure LC systems, which offer more flexibility and much richer functionality than LC alone. Due to the anchoring effect of a polymer network, microlenses, based on LC/polymer composites, have relatively fast response time in comparison with pure nematic LC microlenses. In addition, polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PS-BPLC) based on Kerr effect is emerging as a promising candidate for new photonics application. The major attractions of PS-BPLC are submillisecond response time and no need for surface alignment layer. In this paper, we review two types of fast-response microlenses based on LC/polymer composites: polymer dispersed/stabilized nematic LC and polymer-stabilized blue phase LC. Their basic operating principles are introduced and recent progress is reviewed by examples from recent literature. Finally, the major challenges and future perspectives are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microlenses)
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