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Search Results (4)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = liquid–liquid pintle injector

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13 pages, 10265 KiB  
Article
Effects of Non-Uniform Center-Flow Distribution and Cavitation on Continuous-Type Pintle Injectors
by Dongwoo Choi, Seunghyeon Lee and Kyubok Ahn
Aerospace 2024, 11(10), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11100847 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1183
Abstract
In this paper, the flow characteristics of a continuous-type liquid–liquid pintle injector are described, focusing on the differential impact of a non-uniform center-flow distribution on single- and bi-injection methodologies as well as the cavitation effect on the spray angle. Using cold-flow experiments, jet-type [...] Read more.
In this paper, the flow characteristics of a continuous-type liquid–liquid pintle injector are described, focusing on the differential impact of a non-uniform center-flow distribution on single- and bi-injection methodologies as well as the cavitation effect on the spray angle. Using cold-flow experiments, jet-type flows of the center propellant caused by a non-uniform flow distribution were observed during a single injection. This resulted in an augmented pressure drop, as opposed to the flow characteristics of uniform single-film injection. By contrast, bi-injection modalities exhibited a substantial reduction in the pressure drop of the center propellant, underscoring a more equitable flow distribution. Moreover, the occurrence of cavitation in the center propellant was found to markedly affect the spray angle. By considering the injection exit area reduction caused by cavitation, the spray-angle prediction accuracy increased. The findings of this study are expected to reveal the interplay between flow distribution and pressure drop as well as that between cavitation and the spray angle in pintle injectors. Through this understanding, this study provides crucial considerations for the development of more efficient propulsion systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Aeronautics)
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14 pages, 9658 KiB  
Article
Simulation Analysis of the Effect of Slit/Slot Pintle Geometry on Atomization of Bipropellant Engine
by Kun Cai, Zhen Zhang, Fengshan Wang, Yu Hu, Xudong Wang, Zhicheng Fang, Xiaofang Mao, Zhaopu Yao, Yusong Yu and Haiwang Li
Processes 2023, 11(8), 2471; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082471 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2072
Abstract
In order to optimize the slit/slot geometry design of a bipropellant pintle injector, the impinging spray development of a pintle injector was numerically investigated. The VOF (volume of fluid) and LES (large eddy simulation) methods were employed for an analysis to capture the [...] Read more.
In order to optimize the slit/slot geometry design of a bipropellant pintle injector, the impinging spray development of a pintle injector was numerically investigated. The VOF (volume of fluid) and LES (large eddy simulation) methods were employed for an analysis to capture the gas–liquid interface by means of the AMR (adaptive mesh refinement) method. In those simulation cases, different flowrates, slot numbers, pintle diameters, slot thicknesses and slot shapes were compared for an analysis. In a comparison of visualization and quantification, a high flowrate and large pintle diameter were shown to be more positive features for improving the atomization quality and mixing effect. As for the slot parameters and shape, the spray development was mainly determined by the flow proportion between the slit jet and slot jet. The simulation results indicated that dominant slot jets cause a more dispersed spatial distribution, which is more conducive to the subsequent improvement of combustion efficiency in a limited space. However, an excessive increase in the number of slot jets can weaken the overall atomization quality and mixing effect, so it is suggested to ensure a balance for geometry design optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Simulation and Experiment Methods of Flow Instability in Hydraulic Machinery)
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17 pages, 2562 KiB  
Article
A Numerical Approach to Optimize the Design of a Pintle Injector for LOX/GCH4 Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine
by Jihyoung Cha, Erik Andersson and Alexis Bohlin
Aerospace 2023, 10(7), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10070582 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 9074
Abstract
This study presents an optimal design approach of a pintle injector for a deep throttlable liquid-propellant rocket engine (LPRE). Even though the pintle injector is used in rocket engines, it has become more important since reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) recently became a trend [...] Read more.
This study presents an optimal design approach of a pintle injector for a deep throttlable liquid-propellant rocket engine (LPRE). Even though the pintle injector is used in rocket engines, it has become more important since reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) recently became a trend due to their economic and environmental benefits. However, since many variables must be determined to design a pintle injector, optimizing the pintle injector design is complicated. For this, we design a pintle injector to optimize the performance parameters; the spray angle, vaporization distance, and Sauter mean diameter (SMD). To confirm the approach, we design a pintle injector using an optimization method based on convex quadratic programming (CQP) for a 1000 N thrust and a throttle ability of 5 to 1 LPRE with liquid oxygen and gaseous methane. Then, we verify the performance using a numerical simulation. Through this work, we check the effectiveness of the optimization method for a pintle injector design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Rocket Engines)
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12 pages, 5177 KiB  
Article
Effect of Local Momentum Ratio on Spray Windward Distribution of a Gas–Liquid Pintle Injector Element
by Xuan Jin, Yang Yang, Xiaomei Cao and Jinshui Wu
Aerospace 2022, 9(9), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9090494 - 3 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2837
Abstract
The variable-area pintle injector has unique geometry and spray characteristics compared to traditional coaxial injectors, and is advantageous for weight lightening and deep throttling of liquid rocket engines. To obtain an accurate prediction of the spray windward distribution of a gas–liquid pintle injector [...] Read more.
The variable-area pintle injector has unique geometry and spray characteristics compared to traditional coaxial injectors, and is advantageous for weight lightening and deep throttling of liquid rocket engines. To obtain an accurate prediction of the spray windward distribution of a gas–liquid pintle injector with discrete radial orifices, a pintle injector element using air and water as simulants was designed for spray experiments in the atmospheric environment. The air-film injection pressure drop and water-jet injection orifice diameter were both adjusted for a wide variance range from 0.19 to 2.85 for the local momentum ratio. Backlight imaging was adopted for shooting the frozen spray pattern from one side, and a new dimensionless parameter, i.e., the spray fraction, was defined to quantitatively analyze the time-averaged windward boundary band. The dimensionless spray windward boundary band model for a circular-orifice jet and the corresponding derivative formula of the spray half angle were summarized through parameter study. The predicted results of empirical models were in good agreement with the experimental results. It was found that when the local momentum ratio was about 1, the spray distribution range basically overlapped with the coverage scope of gas film with uniform liquid mist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Rocket Engines)
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