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Keywords = kilohertz frame rate

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14 pages, 2193 KiB  
Article
Distance Measurement and Data Analysis for Civil Aviation at 1000 Frames per Second Using Single-Photon Detection Technology
by Yiming Shan, Xinyu Pang, Huan Wang, Jitong Zhao, Shuai Yang, Yunlong Li, Guicheng Xu, Lihua Cai, Zhenyu Liu, Xiaoming Wang and Yi Yu
Sensors 2025, 25(13), 3918; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25133918 - 24 Jun 2025
Viewed by 343
Abstract
During high-speed maneuvers, aircraft experience rapid distance changes, necessitating high-frame-rate ranging for accurate characterization. However, existing optical ranging technologies often lack simplicity, affordability, and sufficient frame rates. While dual-station triangulation enables high-frame-rate distance calculation via geometry, it suffers from complex and costly deployment. [...] Read more.
During high-speed maneuvers, aircraft experience rapid distance changes, necessitating high-frame-rate ranging for accurate characterization. However, existing optical ranging technologies often lack simplicity, affordability, and sufficient frame rates. While dual-station triangulation enables high-frame-rate distance calculation via geometry, it suffers from complex and costly deployment. Conventional laser rangefinders are limited by low repetition rates. Single-photon ranging, using high-frequency low-energy pulses and detecting single reflected photons, offers a promising alternative. This study presents a kilohertz-level single-photon ranging system validated through civil aviation field tests. At 1000 Hz, relative distance, velocity, and acceleration were successfully captured. Simulating lower frame rates (100 Hz, 50 Hz, 10 Hz) via misalignment merging revealed standard deviations of 0.1661 m, 0.2361 m, and 0.2683 m, respectively, indicating that higher frame rates enhance distance measurement reproducibility. Error analysis against the 1000 Hz baseline further confirms that high-frame-rate ranging improves precision when monitoring high-speed maneuvers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Optical Sensors)
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13 pages, 3962 KiB  
Article
Kilohertz Macromolecular Crystallography Using an EIGER Detector at Low X-ray Fluxes
by Krishna P. Khakurel, Shirly Espinoza, Martin Savko, Vitaly Polovinkin, Jan Dohnalek, William Shepard, Angelina Angelova, Janos Hajdu, Jakob Andreasson and Borislav Angelov
Crystals 2020, 10(12), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121146 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4297
Abstract
Time-resolved in-house macromolecular crystallography is primarily limited by the capabilities of the in-house X-ray sources. These sources can only provide a time-averaged structure of the macromolecules. A significant effort has been made in the development of in-house laser-driven ultrafast X-ray sources, with one [...] Read more.
Time-resolved in-house macromolecular crystallography is primarily limited by the capabilities of the in-house X-ray sources. These sources can only provide a time-averaged structure of the macromolecules. A significant effort has been made in the development of in-house laser-driven ultrafast X-ray sources, with one of the goals as realizing the visualization of the structural dynamics of macromolecules at a very short timescale within the laboratory-scale infrastructure. Most of such in-house ultrafast X-ray sources are operated at high repetition rates and usually deliver very low flux. Therefore, the necessity of a detector that can operate at the repetition rate of the laser and perform extremely well under low flux conditions is essential. Here, we present experimental results demonstrating the usability of the hybrid-pixel detectors, such as Eiger X 1M, and provide experimental proof that they can be successfully operated to collect macromolecular crystallographic data up to a detector frame rate of 3 kHz from synchrotron sources. Our results also show that the data reduction and structural analysis are successful at such high frame rates and fluxes as low as 108 photons/s, which is comparable to the values expected from a typical laser-driven X-ray source. Full article
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