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Keywords = intercycle ice

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8 pages, 447 KB  
Article
Impact of Time-to-Treatment Initiation and First Inter-Cycle Delay in Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma
by Deniz Donmez, Yasemin Evlendi, Taha Koray Sahin, Ibrahim Barista and Serkan Akin
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(12), 4085; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124085 - 10 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1870
Abstract
Background: Delays in treatments are frequent in real-world lymphoma management. This study evaluates the impact of diagnosis-to-treatment intervals (DTIs) and first inter-cycle delay (IcD) on outcomes in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) receiving ABVD chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 137 patients [...] Read more.
Background: Delays in treatments are frequent in real-world lymphoma management. This study evaluates the impact of diagnosis-to-treatment intervals (DTIs) and first inter-cycle delay (IcD) on outcomes in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) receiving ABVD chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 137 patients with classical HL treated with ABVD at a single institution between 2015 and 2022. Results: The median age was 34 years (range: 18–73), and 62% were male. The median DTI was 14 days, with 24.1% of patients experiencing a delay of >7 days between the first and second chemotherapy cycles. The most frequent reason for delay was neutropenia, observed in 69% of delayed cases. Neither DTI nor IcD was significantly associated with PFS or OS. Multivariate analysis identified elevated beta-2 microglobulin as an independent predictor of both inferior PFS and OS. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate both DTI and first IcD as independent prognostic factors in HL. Modest delays in treatment initiation or early cycle administration did not negatively affect survival. Timely but flexible scheduling of ABVD may be appropriate in HL. Prospective studies are warranted in the era of novel therapeutic agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)
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26 pages, 7657 KB  
Article
UAV Icing: Aerodynamic Degradation Caused by Intercycle and Runback Ice Shapes on an RG-15 Airfoil
by Joachim Wallisch, Markus Lindner, Øyvind Wiig Petersen, Ingrid Neunaber, Tania Bracchi, R. Jason Hearst and Richard Hann
Drones 2024, 8(12), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8120775 - 20 Dec 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2951
Abstract
Electrothermal de-icing systems are a popular approach to protect unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from the performance degradation caused by in-cloud icing. However, their power and energy requirements must be minimized to make these systems viable for small and medium-sized fixed-wing UAVs. Thermal de-icing [...] Read more.
Electrothermal de-icing systems are a popular approach to protect unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from the performance degradation caused by in-cloud icing. However, their power and energy requirements must be minimized to make these systems viable for small and medium-sized fixed-wing UAVs. Thermal de-icing systems allow intercycle ice accretions and can result in runback icing. Intercycle and runback ice increase the aircraft’s drag, requiring more engine thrust and energy. This study investigates the aerodynamic influence of intercycle and runback ice on a typical UAV wing. Lift and drag coefficients from a wind tunnel campaign and Ansys FENSAP-ICE simulations are compared. Intercycle ice shapes result in a drag increase of approx. 50% for a realistic cruise angle of attack. While dispersed runback ice increases the drag by 30% compared to the clean wing, a spanwise ice ridge can increase the drag by more than 170%. The results highlight that runback ice can significantly influence the drag coefficient. Therefore, it is important to design the de-icing system and its operation sequence to minimize runback ice. Understanding the need to minimize runback ice helps in designing viable de-icing systems for UAVs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Development in Drones Icing)
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15 pages, 4988 KB  
Article
Experimental Heat Loads for Electrothermal Anti-Icing and De-Icing on UAVs
by Richard Hann, Adriana Enache, Mikkel Cornelius Nielsen, Bård Nagy Stovner, Jeroen van Beeck, Tor Arne Johansen and Kasper Trolle Borup
Aerospace 2021, 8(3), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8030083 - 18 Mar 2021
Cited by 59 | Viewed by 12627
Abstract
Atmospheric in-flight icing on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a significant hazard. UAVs that are not equipped with ice protection systems are usually limited to operations within visual line of sight or to weather conditions without icing risk. As many military and commercial [...] Read more.
Atmospheric in-flight icing on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a significant hazard. UAVs that are not equipped with ice protection systems are usually limited to operations within visual line of sight or to weather conditions without icing risk. As many military and commercial UAV missions require flights beyond visual line of sight and into adverse weather conditions, energy-efficient ice protection systems are required. In this experimental study, two electro-thermal ice protection systems for fixed-wing UAVs were tested. One system was operated in anti-icing and de-icing mode, and the other system was designed as a parting strip de-icing system. Experiments were conducted in an icing wind tunnel facility for varying icing conditions at low Reynolds numbers. A parametric study over the ice shedding time was used to identify the most energy-efficient operation mode. The results showed that longer intercycle durations led to higher efficiencies and that de-icing with a parting strip was superior compared to anti-icing and de-icing without a parting strip. These findings are relevant for the development of energy-efficient systems in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deicing and Anti-Icing of Aircraft (Volume II))
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