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18 pages, 9776 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Papillary and Callous Scales in the Integument of Agamid Lizards (Agamidae, Sauria) as a Phenomenon of Extraordinary Development of the Corneous Layers

by Tatjana N. Dujsebayeva, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Awadh M. Al-Johany and Daniel A. Melnikov

Animals 2025, 15(5), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15050743 - 5 Mar 2025

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Abstract

Scaled integument of six species of the genus Acanthocercus and Laudakia nupta, family Agamidae was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Gross observation revealed the presence of two types of modified scales in the males. The enlarged scales covered with an extremely thick β-corneous layer were detected in the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tail base and on the palmar and plantar limb surfaces of all species. After detachment of the β-layer, the surface of such scales was covered with high papillae (“papillary scales”). The callous scales were found in the precloacal region of Acanthocercus species and in both precloacal and mid-ventral regions of L. nupta. Modified scales were found in some females and subadut specimens, and absent in juveniles. A prominent papillary layer characterized the dermis of both scale types. It was assumed that well-developed dermal papillae in such scales expended the total surface area of stratum germinativum and created a pool of proliferated cells in the interpapillary loops to increase the production of differentiating keratinocytes. These processes were undoubtedly associated with the formation of a thick and resistant corneous layer that distinguished both types of scales. Functional role, a taxonomic value, and analogies with normal and pathological epidermis in birds and mammals are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Herpetology)

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11 pages, 3770 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surgery of True Recurring Median Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with Synovial Flap by Wulle Plus Integument Enlargement Leads to a High Patient’s Satisfaction and Improved Functionality

by Stephan Payr, Thomas M. Tiefenboeck, Veith Moser and Edvin Turkof

J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(12), 2094; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122094 - 1 Dec 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3439

Abstract

This prospective study was conducted to investigate electrophysiological qualities and patient’s satisfaction of a synovial gliding tissue flap in treating true recurring carpal tunnel syndrome. In 14 patients (11 women, three men), 15 median nerves were included in this retrospective study. For all 15 nerves, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, compound muscle action potential, a Visual Analogue Scale-score (VAS-score) questionnaire and an adapted Levine-Test were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. All participants underwent operative neurolysis of the median nerve, which was then enwrapped by a synovial gliding tissue flap. Eleven procedures were completed by integument enlargement. Follow-up period was 12 months. Postoperatively, distal latency decreased significantly by 15.6%. Compound muscle action potential and sensory nerve conduction velocity did not improve significantly. VAS score regarding pain reduced highly significantly with 74.1%. The adapted Levine-Test function score improved highly significantly with 39.2%. The synovial gliding tissue flap lead to an excellent patient’s satisfaction for treating true recurring carpal tunnel syndrome. Primary wound closure should be completed with integument enlargement if needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics)

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