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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = hoof dermis

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14 pages, 4831 KiB  
Article
Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Quantitative Findings—Part 2
by Andrés Felipe Castro-Mesa, Rafael Resende Faleiros and José Ramón Martínez-Aranzales
Animals 2023, 13(14), 2267; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13142267 - 11 Jul 2023
Viewed by 2011
Abstract
The transmural ultrasound allows for the definition of the normal appearance of the hoof tissues and internal structures. Determining such measurements and proportions could contribute to evaluations of the normal spatial distal phalanx–hoof relationship. The objective was to describe the hoof’s dermis and [...] Read more.
The transmural ultrasound allows for the definition of the normal appearance of the hoof tissues and internal structures. Determining such measurements and proportions could contribute to evaluations of the normal spatial distal phalanx–hoof relationship. The objective was to describe the hoof’s dermis and epidermis measurements using the transmural technique, in comparison with DR and anatomical sections. Sixty-two healthy hooves without digital radiographic abnormalities, made up of 30 anatomical pieces (phase 1) and 32 alive horse hooves (phase 2), and 16 sagittal sections of the first ones were used. The proximal and distal planes were compared, defining the following measurements: coronary band-extensor process, distal phalanx apex–hoof wall, sole dermis, middle stratum, parietal dermis, lamellar layer, the sublamellar dermis, and ratios between them. Most of the measurements were consistent among methods. Some showed measurement differences and a minority was impossible to determine. The transmural technique allowed for the observation and replication of measurements of the hoof structures, described with other diagnostic aids. It also allowed for the implementation of new measurements that would help to determine the spatial location of the distal phalanx. Additionally, it contributes to the visualization of normal findings, which will be useful to compare variations in the different phases of laminitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Equids)
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14 pages, 3378 KiB  
Article
Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Qualitative Findings—Part 1
by Andrés Felipe Castro-Mesa, Rafael Resende Faleiros and José Ramón Martínez-Aranzales
Animals 2023, 13(12), 1951; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121951 - 10 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2405
Abstract
Ultrasonography is commonly used to evaluate equine lameness-related structures, but traditional hoof approaches cannot adequately visualize internal structures such as the lamellar layer. To address this limitation, we used 62 healthy hooves without digital radiographic abnormalities, made up of thirty anatomical pieces (phase [...] Read more.
Ultrasonography is commonly used to evaluate equine lameness-related structures, but traditional hoof approaches cannot adequately visualize internal structures such as the lamellar layer. To address this limitation, we used 62 healthy hooves without digital radiographic abnormalities, made up of thirty anatomical pieces (phase 1) and thirty-two hooves from living horses (phase 2). In both phases, half of the digits were submerged in water (group 1) and the other half in water and ice (group 2) for 24 h. Ultrasonographic views and temperature and humidity measurements were taken every two hours, and sagittal sections were obtained in phase 1. Good quality images were obtained in both phases. The transmural technique allowed the evaluation of several structures of the DEJ (tubular and lamellar strata of the hoof wall, sublamellar dermis, and solar and coronary papillae) and of the distal phalanx (extensor process, parietal surface, and apex). Our findings suggest that the transmural technique following hoof submersion can be useful for internal evaluation of hoof conditions, such as laminitis. However, further validation of the technique in natural or experimental cases is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Equids)
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13 pages, 2198 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Analyses of the Bacterial Population in Non-Healing Claw Lesions of Dairy Cattle
by Kaoru Hori, Takako Taniguchi, Trigan Elpita, Rathanon Khemgaew, Satomi Sasaki, Yasuhiro Gotoh, Ichiro Yasutomi and Naoaki Misawa
Animals 2022, 12(24), 3584; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12243584 - 18 Dec 2022
Viewed by 2644
Abstract
Non-healing claw lesions (NHCLs) are a newly characterized disorder affecting the deep dermis of the hoof in dairy cattle. Although NHCLs are thought to be associated with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD), their precise etiology is not yet understood. To investigate the bacterial populations [...] Read more.
Non-healing claw lesions (NHCLs) are a newly characterized disorder affecting the deep dermis of the hoof in dairy cattle. Although NHCLs are thought to be associated with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD), their precise etiology is not yet understood. To investigate the bacterial populations present in each type of NHCL (toe necrosis: TN, non-healing white line disease: nhWLD, and a non-healing sole ulcer: nhSU), and the newly added entity non-healing verrucous-like lesions (nhVLL), 16S rRNA-based metagenomic analysis with next-generation sequencing (NGS) was employed. Twelve cases of NHCLs (3 TN, 3 nhWLD, 4 nhSU, and 2 nhVLL) were collected from five dairy farms in two prefectures in Japan. Three samples of healthy hoof dermis collected from two farms and a slaughterhouse were used as controls. Furthermore, culture-dependent and -independent approaches were conducted for detecting Treponema species and Fusobacterium necrophorum. As reported in BDD, Treponema species and F. necrophorum were detected frequently from NHCLs by PCR and immunohistochemistry, but NGS showed that these bacterial genera were not predominant in NHCLs. The predominant bacterial genera in NHCLs differed among the lesions examined, suggesting that Treponema species present predominantly in BDD were not predominant in NHCLs and that the bacterial population in NHCLs may vary among individual cattle and/or farms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bovine Infectious Disease and Immunity)
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