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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = hoof deformation

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15 pages, 1503 KiB  
Article
Hoof Expansion, Deformation, and Surface Strains Vary with Horseshoe Nail Positions
by Vanessa E. Dahl, Ellen R. Singer, Tanya C. Garcia, David A. Hawkins and Susan M. Stover
Animals 2023, 13(11), 1872; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111872 - 4 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2748
Abstract
Racehorses are susceptible to underrun heel hoof conformation. Racehorses are often shod with nails placed toward the heel. It is unknown if palmar nails restrict or alter hoof deformation in a manner that could promote the development of underrun heel conformation over time [...] Read more.
Racehorses are susceptible to underrun heel hoof conformation. Racehorses are often shod with nails placed toward the heel. It is unknown if palmar nails restrict or alter hoof deformation in a manner that could promote the development of underrun heel conformation over time with repeated loading. To determine how the addition of palmar nails affects heel deformation during limb loading, hoof expansion and hoof wall deformations were quantified using rosette strain gauges and kinematic markers during in the vitro limb loading of cadaveric limbs that simulated midstance for walk, trot, and canter loads. Nail treatments used to attach a horseshoe to the hoof included: toe nails (T), toe and quarter nails (TQ), and toe, quarter, and heel nails (TQH). The effects of nail treatment on heel expansion and hoof wall deformations were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Nails placed palmar to the quarters of the hoof decreased heel expansion (p < 0.001). Heel nails resulted in the largest changes in hoof wall principal strain directions distally. The application of nails palmar to the hoof quarters alters hoof wall deformation during limb loading. The continued loading of the hoof with palmer nails could alter hoof conformation over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health, Safety, and Welfare in Horse Racing)
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16 pages, 3337 KiB  
Article
Serum Metabolomics and Ionomics Analysis of Hoof-Deformed Cows Based on LC-MS/MS and ICP-OES/MS
by Chaoyang Deng, Yang Yue, Hefei Zhang, Meng Liu, Yansong Ge, Enshuang Xu and Jiasan Zheng
Animals 2023, 13(9), 1440; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091440 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2652
Abstract
In order to explore the metabolic and ionic changes of hoof-deformed cows, the serum samples of 10 healthy cows (group C) and 10 hoof-deformed cows (group T) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and ICP-OES/MS. The pathway enrichment of differential metabolites was analyzed by screening [...] Read more.
In order to explore the metabolic and ionic changes of hoof-deformed cows, the serum samples of 10 healthy cows (group C) and 10 hoof-deformed cows (group T) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and ICP-OES/MS. The pathway enrichment of differential metabolites was analyzed by screening and identifying differential metabolites and ions and using a bioinformatics method. The integration of metabolomics and ionics was analyzed with ggplot2 software in R language, and verified by MRM target metabolomics. The results showed that 127 metabolites were screened by metabolomics, of which 81 were up-regulated (p < 0.05) and 46 were down-regulated (p < 0.05). The results of ICP-OES/MS showed that 13 kinds of ions such as K, Li, and Pb in serum of dairy cows were up-regulated, while 18 kinds of ions such as Al, Cu and Sb were down-regulated. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and ionics found that potassium ions were positively correlated with L-tyrosine, L-proline, thiamine and L-valine. Sodium ions were positively correlated with L-valine and negatively correlated with α-D-glucose. The results of high-throughput target metabolomics showed that the contents of L-proline, L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan in serum of dairy cows increased significantly, which was consistent with the results of non-target metabolomics. In a word, the metabolism and ion changes in dairy cows with hoof deformation were revealed by metabolomics and ionics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cattle)
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17 pages, 3905 KiB  
Article
Hoof Matters: Developing an Athletic Thoroughbred Hoof
by Sarah Jane Hobbs, Simon Curtis, Jaime Martin, Jonathan Sinclair and Hilary M. Clayton
Animals 2022, 12(22), 3119; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223119 - 11 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6361
Abstract
Conformation of the hooves and distal limbs of foals and factors influencing their morphological development have not been reported in detail for the Thoroughbred breed. In this paper we explore morphogenesis of the equine distal limb in Thoroughbred foals with emphasis on adaptations [...] Read more.
Conformation of the hooves and distal limbs of foals and factors influencing their morphological development have not been reported in detail for the Thoroughbred breed. In this paper we explore morphogenesis of the equine distal limb in Thoroughbred foals with emphasis on adaptations in response to weight bearing early in life that prepare the foal for an athletic career. Novel data from four studies are presented chronologically during key time periods to illustrate specific aspects of distal limb growth and adaptation. Dorsal epidermal thickness increased from 2.84 ± 0.41 mm in utero to 4.04 ± 1.10 mm by 4 months of age. The increase in thickness was accompanied by decreased tubular density, increased inter-tubular material, and an increase in number and size of tubules at the quarters, which provided a malleable hoof capsule to allow for skeletal growth. Between 4–6 months of age, the hoof widens, and higher loading on the medial side (>60%) vs. the lateral side (<40%) may be factors that influence mature asymmetric hoof shape. Shortly after 12 months-of-age, the dorsal hoof wall angle and dorsal parietal angle of the distal phalanx become parallel, thus optimizing the functional capacity of the hoof capsule in the weanling Thoroughbred. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animals’ Tenth Anniversary)
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13 pages, 19824 KiB  
Case Report
From Keratoma to Anaplastic Malignant Melanoma in a Horse’s Hoof
by Elżbieta Stefanik, Kamil Górski, Bernard Turek, Olga Drewnowska-Szczepakowska, Katarzyna Kliczkowska-Klarowicz and Aleksandra Stefanik
Animals 2022, 12(22), 3090; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223090 - 9 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4481
Abstract
Melanomas in horses are most often associated with gray, older horses with an average age of over 16 years. Anaplastic malignant melanoma, however, can very rarely affect non-gray horses. Herein, we report a case of a 16-year-old Wielkopolski gelding with a chronic lameness [...] Read more.
Melanomas in horses are most often associated with gray, older horses with an average age of over 16 years. Anaplastic malignant melanoma, however, can very rarely affect non-gray horses. Herein, we report a case of a 16-year-old Wielkopolski gelding with a chronic lameness caused by a mass in the hoof. The first resection of the lesion and histopathological examination confirmed the presence of a keratoma. The regrown mass and persistent lameness resulted in another mass resection. The second histopathological examination result suggested a neoplastic growth of melanocytic origin with a low histological malignancy. Less than 2 years after the first resection, the horse returned to the clinic with deformation of the hoof capsule and severe lameness. The result of the third histopathological examination indicated low-differentiated malignant neoplasm. The result of the immunohistochemically test indicates a tumor of melanocytic origin with high malignancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Lameness: Etiology, Preventive Strategies and Treatment)
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