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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = heterosporous

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17 pages, 7404 KiB  
Article
Stem Anatomy Confirms Tingia unita Is a Progymnosperm
by Yang Yang, Shi-Jun Wang and Jun Wang
Biology 2023, 12(4), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12040494 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2234
Abstract
Tingia Halle, a representative genus of the Cathaysia Flora, has been studied for nearly 100 years, being a small heterosporous tree based on the gross morphology of Tingia unita. However, the systematic affinity of Tingia is uncertain. Now, a number of well-preserved [...] Read more.
Tingia Halle, a representative genus of the Cathaysia Flora, has been studied for nearly 100 years, being a small heterosporous tree based on the gross morphology of Tingia unita. However, the systematic affinity of Tingia is uncertain. Now, a number of well-preserved fossils of T. unita from the Taiyuan Formation of Lower Permian in Wuda Coalfield, Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia facilitates an examination of wood anatomy. The stem anatomy of T. unita shows parenchymatous pith, endarch primary xylem, pycnoxylic secondary xylem, and cortex, typically a type of gymnosperm wood, which taken together with pteridophytic reproduction, certainly evidences that Tingia Halle is a progymnosperm. In addition, Tingia together with Paratingia provide strong evidence to link the Noeggerathiales with progymnosperms. Full article
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16 pages, 6366 KiB  
Article
Reinvestigation of the Late Devonian Lycopsid Sublepidodendron grabaui from Anhui Province, South China
by Peng Xu, Le Liu and Deming Wang
Biology 2022, 11(10), 1544; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11101544 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2496
Abstract
South China displays Devonian strata with well-exposed outcrops and is regarded as a diversity hotspot of Late Devonian lycopsids. The heterosporous lycopsid Sublepidodendron grabaui has been studied for over ten years, with its general morphology, aerial stem anatomy, microsporangiate strobili, and growth architecture [...] Read more.
South China displays Devonian strata with well-exposed outcrops and is regarded as a diversity hotspot of Late Devonian lycopsids. The heterosporous lycopsid Sublepidodendron grabaui has been studied for over ten years, with its general morphology, aerial stem anatomy, microsporangiate strobili, and growth architecture reported. Based on new specimens from Guangde City, Anhui Province, this study provides further knowledge about the megasporangiate strobili and megaspores of S. grabaui. Its slender megasporangiate strobili occur singly or in pairs and occasionally bifurcate in the middle-upper portion. Each megasporophyll consists of a flattened pedicel and an adaxially curved lamina. The lamina forms a downturned heel at the base. Each sessile megasporangium contains at least eight Lagenicula-type megaspores with a small gula. The other observed characteristics of S. grabaui in this study conform to those previously known and are compared to relative coeval taxa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Palaeobotany)
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9 pages, 2958 KiB  
Article
Effective Propagation of Selaginella tamariscina through Optimized Medium Composition
by Kyungtae Park, Bo Kook Jang, Ha Min Lee, Ju Sung Cho and Cheol Hee Lee
Agronomy 2021, 11(3), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030578 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4710
Abstract
Selaginella tamariscina is a medicinal plant that contains a variety of plant secondary metabolites; however, it is currently being collected indiscriminately from its native habitats. Hence, we have developed an efficient propagation method for S. tamariscina. Explants grown in vitro were cultured [...] Read more.
Selaginella tamariscina is a medicinal plant that contains a variety of plant secondary metabolites; however, it is currently being collected indiscriminately from its native habitats. Hence, we have developed an efficient propagation method for S. tamariscina. Explants grown in vitro were cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium of various strengths (1/16–2x), and the highest number of sporophytes (65.7) were obtained with 1/4x MS medium. Culturing explants at various lengths (3–12 mm) for 12 weeks indicated 12 mm as the most appropriate size for sporophyte propagation. We then evaluated various concentrations of individual components, sucrose (0–5%), total nitrogen (7.5–30 mM), nitrogen ratio (3:0–0:3), and agar (0.6–0.8%), in the 1/4x MS medium for explant growth for 12 weeks. The maximum number of sporophytes were formed in media containing 3% sucrose, 15 mM nitrogen, and 0.6% agar, with a nitrogen ratio of 1:2. The propagated S. tamariscina was then acclimatized in a controlled environment to improve survival in an external environment. These results demonstrate the effective conditions for in vitro mass propagation of S. tamariscina, finding that methods utilizing sporophytes were more efficient than conventional propagation methods and yielded numerous plants in a short period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A New Decade of Horticultural and Medicinal Plants Cultivation)
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15 pages, 3080 KiB  
Article
A Morphological and Molecular Analysis of a Bloom of the Filamentous Green Alga Pithophora
by Blia Lor, Merry Zohn, Marcus J. Meade, A. Bruce Cahoon and Kalina M. Manoylov
Water 2021, 13(6), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060760 - 11 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7754
Abstract
Filamentous representatives of Cladophorales (Chlorophyta) are major contributors to algal biomass of littoral communities. In the present study, community analysis of a reported bloom in the Ogeechee River in Georgia provided an opportunity to combine morphological and genetic analyses with ecological information related [...] Read more.
Filamentous representatives of Cladophorales (Chlorophyta) are major contributors to algal biomass of littoral communities. In the present study, community analysis of a reported bloom in the Ogeechee River in Georgia provided an opportunity to combine morphological and genetic analyses with ecological information related to an understudied nuisance alga. A polyphasic approach of incorporating genotypic and phenotypic methods led to the identification of the algal community as Pithophora roettleri (Roth) Wittrock. Morphological analysis showed a monospecific community based on the average length and diameter of the heterosporous intercalary and terminal akinetes, along with the diameter of the principal filaments. Single-gene and concatenated-gene phylogenetic analyses of the LSU (28S rRNA) and SSU (18S rRNA) markers further confirmed this species identification. In this study, we conducted a morphological treatment of P. roettleri, produced 17 novel gene sequences, and produced a new, schematic diagram illustrating the four steps of the asexual reproduction of an intercalary akinete. Morphological characteristics, like the position and shape of akinetes documented here, and the availability of genetic sequences can improve identification and further ecological understanding of filamentous green algae. Flowing mats of P. roettleri, like those observed in this study, can lower light availability for other biota and structurally alter the habitat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change and Plankton Dynamics in Freshwater: Current Trends and Future Perspectives)
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