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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = head-only electrical stunning

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28 pages, 1814 KB  
Article
Relevant Indicators of Consciousness After Head-Only Electrical Stunning in Rabbits, Stunning Efficiency, and Risk Factors in Commercial Conditions
by Alexandra Contreras-Jodar, Virginie Michel, Leonardo James Vinco, Aranzazu Varvaró-Porter and Antonio Velarde
Animals 2025, 15(4), 587; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15040587 - 18 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2923
Abstract
Currently, approximately 62 million rabbits are slaughtered annually in approved slaughterhouses across the European Union (EU) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Stress and Welfare During Transport and Slaughtering: Second Edition)
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14 pages, 876 KB  
Article
Head-Only Stunning of Turkeys Part 2: Subjective and Objective Assessment of the Application of AC and DC Waveforms
by Steve Wotton, Andrew Grist, Mike O’Callaghan and Ed van Klink
Animals 2021, 11(2), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020286 - 23 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2447
Abstract
Electrical stunning is likely to remain an important stunning method for turkeys at slaughter. The purpose of this study is to understand the application of various waveforms of alternating current (AC) and pulsed direct currents (DC), head-only, to turkeys and to improve the [...] Read more.
Electrical stunning is likely to remain an important stunning method for turkeys at slaughter. The purpose of this study is to understand the application of various waveforms of alternating current (AC) and pulsed direct currents (DC), head-only, to turkeys and to improve the effectiveness of handheld stunning of turkeys. We evaluated the effectiveness of stunning by documenting physical responses and recording electroencephalograms (EEGs). For the assessment of physical responses, the stunning voltage was varied depending on the proportion of animals effectively stunned at a certain voltage level. If all turkeys in a group of 10 were stunned, the voltage was decreased, and the next group was stunned. This was repeated until not all turkeys showed signs of being effectively stunned. The experiment was then repeated at the voltage level just above the one that showed incomplete effective stunning. The effects of the stunning on the EEG recording was assessed in 16 turkeys to measure the occurrence of epileptiform EEGs, in 14 turkeys to assess epileptiform EEGs after neck-cut (bleeding), and in 14 turkeys to assess the effect of increased voltage and reduced frequency on epileptiform EEGs. Assessing EEGs in a laboratory setting contributes considerably to the understanding of electrical stunning procedures. Voltages between 125 and 250 V, depending on the waveform assessed, were effective in producing an effective stun in turkeys in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Welfare at Slaughter)
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7 pages, 498 KB  
Article
Head-Only Stunning of Turkeys Part 1: The Minimum Voltage Necessary to Break Down the Inherent High Resistance
by Steve Wotton, Andrew Grist, Mike O’Callaghan and Ed van Klink
Animals 2020, 10(12), 2427; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122427 - 18 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2564
Abstract
Pre-slaughter stunning is required for humane slaughter. For turkeys, head-only electrical stunning is most often used by small scale producers. To ensure immediate and effective stunning, the impedance (resistance) of the tissue of the head of the animal situated between the two electrodes [...] Read more.
Pre-slaughter stunning is required for humane slaughter. For turkeys, head-only electrical stunning is most often used by small scale producers. To ensure immediate and effective stunning, the impedance (resistance) of the tissue of the head of the animal situated between the two electrodes needs to be overcome swiftly. The impedance is a function of the voltage and decreases non-linearly with increasing voltage. In this paper, we describe a method to assess the minimum voltage needed at which the impedance no longer decreases, that is likely to produce an effective stun. For ethical reasons, gas stunned, electrically naïve turkeys were used to measure impedance at various levels of voltage and current. Several combinations of voltage and frequency, alternate current (AC), direct current (DC) and pulsed DC, were identified that would be sufficient to achieve the maximum decrease in the impedance, and therefore would allow the highest current and the most effective stun. A minimum, expressed as Root Mean Squared voltage, of 150 V and 50 Hz. would be required in AC, 175 V in pulsed DC at 30% cycle (150 at 50% cycle), and 225 V if voltage spikes of very short duration were used. Sinusoidal AC applied at 150 V, 50 Hz was selected for further testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Welfare at Slaughter)
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