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Keywords = head chaetotaxy

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26 pages, 27932 KB  
Article
A Review of the Genus Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae) in China Informed by COI DNA Barcoding, with the Description of Three New Species
by Xiaowei Qian, Yu Fu and Yitong Ma
Insects 2025, 16(9), 974; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16090974 - 17 Sep 2025
Viewed by 741
Abstract
The genus Homidia contains 84 species of which 60 have been reported from China. The sequence of COI for ten Homidia species are provided and a neighbour-joining tree is presented. Three new species of Homidia are described from Chongqing Municipality, China. Homidia wuxiensis [...] Read more.
The genus Homidia contains 84 species of which 60 have been reported from China. The sequence of COI for ten Homidia species are provided and a neighbour-joining tree is presented. Three new species of Homidia are described from Chongqing Municipality, China. Homidia wuxiensis sp. nov. is characterised by its colour pattern and chaetotaxy of Abd. IV; Homidia pseudochroma sp. nov. by some expanded post-labial chaetae and chaetotaxy of dorsal head and Abd. II–IV and Homidia yangi sp. nov. by its colour pattern. Based on similarities in COI sequences and morphology, we designate Homidia linhaiensis (Shi, Pan & Qi), as a junior synonym of Homidia tiantaiensis (Chen & Li). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolution)
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19 pages, 3428 KB  
Article
Ultrastructure of the Eggs, Larvae, and Pupae of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
by Han Xue, Xinqian Liang, Qi Xie, Liu’er Yang, Mengcheng Wan and Cuiqing Gao
Insects 2025, 16(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16020157 - 3 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1934
Abstract
Hyphantria cunea is a widespread pest that causes significant issues in forestry and agriculture, with a far-reaching global impact. However, ultramorphological studies of H. cunea, especially in terms of ultramorphological changes, are far from in-depth. Therefore, we investigated the ultrastructure of its [...] Read more.
Hyphantria cunea is a widespread pest that causes significant issues in forestry and agriculture, with a far-reaching global impact. However, ultramorphological studies of H. cunea, especially in terms of ultramorphological changes, are far from in-depth. Therefore, we investigated the ultrastructure of its eggs, larvae, and pupae using scanning electron microscopy, focusing on ultrastructural changes in larvae across different instars. The eggs have rough surfaces, and the micropylar region consists of rosette cells. The larval head chaetotaxy is symmetrically arranged, and there are three types of sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts. The abdominal and anal prolegs feature a uniordinal heteroideus midband of crochets. The pupal abdomen has ten segments; in females, the genital slit (Fgs) is located at the anterior edge of abdominal segment VIII, while in males, the genital slit (Mgs) is situated in the middle of abdominal segment IX. First-instar larvae exhibit only primary setae, and secondary setae emerge in the second instar. As the larvae mature, the head, thoracic legs, and abdominal and anal prolegs all become larger overall. The surface of the verrucae is initially smooth, with microtrichia appearing from the fourth instar onwards, and the setae on the verrucae gradually increase in size. These findings provide additional features for larval species identification and contribute to the morphological study of H. cunea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Pest and Vector Management)
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22 pages, 11534 KB  
Article
A Highly Troglomorphic New Genus of Sminthuridae (Collembola, Symphypleona) from the Brazilian Semiarid Region
by Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante de Souza, Gleyce da Silva Medeiros, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, Marconi Souza-Silva and Bruno Cavalcante Bellini
Insects 2022, 13(7), 650; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13070650 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3190
Abstract
Here, we describe the highly troglomorphic Troglobentosminthurus gen. nov. from Água Clara cave system, Caatinga domain, Bahia, Brazil. Troglobentosminthurus luridus gen. nov. sp. nov. has remarkably long antennae, legs and furca, and lacks body pigments, except for small orange eye patches which also [...] Read more.
Here, we describe the highly troglomorphic Troglobentosminthurus gen. nov. from Água Clara cave system, Caatinga domain, Bahia, Brazil. Troglobentosminthurus luridus gen. nov. sp. nov. has remarkably long antennae, legs and furca, and lacks body pigments, except for small orange eye patches which also show a reduction in the number of eyes (5 + 5) and lens sizes. The overall morphology of the genus, with long and highly sub-segmented antennae, resembles other Sminthurinae of the Temeritas-group, especially Temeritas Richards and Galeriella Ćurčić and Lučić. However, it is unique, especially in the combination of the number of antennae IV subsegments and eyes, frontal head chaetotaxy and empodial complex morphology. Two type specimens have remnants of a mite and another specimen from the new species in their gut contents, supporting the species may be occasional predators and even cannibals. We also provide identification keys and comparative tables to the subfamilies of Sminthuridae and the Temeritas-group of genera. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolution)
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31 pages, 6404 KB  
Article
The Puzzling Falcomurus Mandal (Collembola, Orchesellidae, Heteromurinae): A Review
by Bruno C. Bellini, Paolla G. C. de Souza and Penelope Greenslade
Insects 2021, 12(7), 650; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070650 - 16 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3788
Abstract
Falcomurus Mandal is currently a monotypic genus of Heteromurinae described from India in 2018. Its key characters are the first antennal segment subdivided, the second undivided and the third annulated; the first abdominal segment lacking macrochaetae; and the presence of a sinuous modified [...] Read more.
Falcomurus Mandal is currently a monotypic genus of Heteromurinae described from India in 2018. Its key characters are the first antennal segment subdivided, the second undivided and the third annulated; the first abdominal segment lacking macrochaetae; and the presence of a sinuous modified macrochaeta on the proximal dens. Some details of its morphology were recently put in doubt, and so its genus status and affinities remain uncertain. Here, we revise the genus based on the type material of Dicranocentrus litoreus Mari-Mutt, as well as provide the description of two new species from Australian archipelagos and a reinterpretation of the chaetotaxy of Falcomurus chilikaensis Mandal and D. halophilus Mari-Mutt. After our revision, Falcomurus shows a well-conserved chaetotaxy and overall morphology, which allowed us to provide an updated generic diagnosis. While the antennae morphology of Falcomurus resembles that of Dicranocentrus Schött, its dorsal sensillar and macrochaetotaxy suggest it is closely related to Heteromurus Wankel, as originally stated by Mandal. The main features useful to separate Falcomurus species are the head, mesothorax and fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy. We also provide a key to its five species, a comparative table and notes on the affinities and distribution of Falcomurus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Ecology, Diversity and Conservation)
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41 pages, 10204 KB  
Article
Contributions to the Taxonomy of Arlesminthurus Bretfeld and Calvatomina Yosii (Collembola, Symphypleona, Appendiciphora), with the Description of New Species from Northeastern Brazil
by Nikolas G. Cipola, Gleyce Da S. Medeiros, Viviane A. M. De Oliveira, Luís G. De M. Barbosa, Thainá A. Lycarião and Bruno C. Bellini
Insects 2021, 12(5), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12050433 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2813
Abstract
Arlesminthurus Bretfeld is a small genus of Neotropical Bourletiellidae, with only four described species so far. Calvatomina Yosii is a widespread taxon of Dicyrtomidae, with most species known from the tropics. Here, we describe two new species from northeastern Brazil: Arlesminthurus caatinguensis sp. [...] Read more.
Arlesminthurus Bretfeld is a small genus of Neotropical Bourletiellidae, with only four described species so far. Calvatomina Yosii is a widespread taxon of Dicyrtomidae, with most species known from the tropics. Here, we describe two new species from northeastern Brazil: Arlesminthurus caatinguensis sp. nov. and Calvatomina gladiata sp. nov. We also provide a detailed chaetotaxic study for Arlesminthurus for the first time, with updated diagnoses and identification keys for the Neotropical species of both genera and notes on their morphology. Arlesminthurus caatinguensis sp. nov. resembles A. aueti Arlé in body color pattern, male head and dental chaetotaxy. The discovery of one bothriotrichum-like sens on the large abdomen of the new species needs to be investigated as a possible generic diagnostic feature, but we suggest that this structure is homologous to the S-sens seen in at least four Bourletiellinae genera, and they are likely related to each other. Calvatomina gladiata sp. nov. belongs to the rufescens-group and resembles C. rufescens Reuter and C. guyanensis Nayrolles and Betsch in some aspects of the head, dental and abdominal chaetotaxy. These descriptions represent the first record of Arlesminthurus from Caatinga and the first nominal species of Calvatomina from Brazil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Ecology, Diversity and Conservation)
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27 pages, 3948 KB  
Article
A Survey of the Brazilian Dicranocentrus Schött (Collembola, Orchesellidae, Heteromurini) with the Description of a New Species and Notes on the Genus
by Bruno C. Bellini, Nikolas G. Cipola and Orquianne J. R. Siqueira
Insects 2020, 11(10), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11100709 - 16 Oct 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4155
Abstract
Dicranocentrus Schött is the most diverse and widespread taxon of Neotropical Orchesellidae. In Brazil, the genus is represented by 11 species found in humid forested areas of Atlantic and Amazon forests domains. Here we describe in detail Dicranocentrus abestado sp. nov. from Chapada [...] Read more.
Dicranocentrus Schött is the most diverse and widespread taxon of Neotropical Orchesellidae. In Brazil, the genus is represented by 11 species found in humid forested areas of Atlantic and Amazon forests domains. Here we describe in detail Dicranocentrus abestado sp. nov. from Chapada Diamantina, Caatinga domain, Brazil. The new species belongs to the marias group sensu Mari-Mutt, due to the absence of most posterior macrochaetae on the dorsal head, and resembles other Neotropical species with 3, 2 and 2 central macrochaetae on abdominal segments I–III. However, the new species is unique especially by its reduced colour pattern combined with its empodial complex morphology. We compare Dicranocentrus abestado sp. nov. with 27 other taxa from the New and Old World, including all species with 3 macrochaetae on the first abdominal segment; provide notes and details on the morphology of the compared species plus identification keys to Brazilian and all species of the genus with similar abdominal chaetotaxy. We also discuss the current taxonomical knowledge on Brazilian Dicranocentrus and provide notes on its chaetotaxy and Heteromurinae systematics. Full article
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141 pages, 25998 KB  
Article
Review of Eyeless Pseudosinella Schäffer (Collembola, Entomobryidae, and Lepidocyrtinae) from Brazilian Caves
by Nikolas G. Cipola, João Victor L. C. Oliveira, Bruno C. Bellini, Aila S. Ferreira, Estevam C. A. Lima, Roniere A. Brito, Luis C. Stievano, Paolla G. C. Souza and Douglas Zeppelini
Insects 2020, 11(3), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11030194 - 19 Mar 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5068
Abstract
Herein, eyeless Pseudosinella species from Brazilian caves are reviewed, including the description of 23 new species, new records plus additional notes on the descriptions of P. ambigua Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima and of P. guanhaensis Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima. We also provide an [...] Read more.
Herein, eyeless Pseudosinella species from Brazilian caves are reviewed, including the description of 23 new species, new records plus additional notes on the descriptions of P. ambigua Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima and of P. guanhaensis Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima. We also provide an identification key to 27 eyeless species recorded from Brazil. To organize the 26 Brazilian eyeless taxa analyzed in this work, we organize them in apparently artificial groups: 11 species have one larger tooth on the unguiculus outer lamella (petterseni group); one presents unguiculus outer lamella smooth or serrated (never with a larger tooth), with 9 held prelabral chaetae undivided and the last 6 held prelabral chaetae bifurcated. The Brazilian species of eyeless Pseudosinella herein described present a remarkably conservate dorsal chaetotaxy; therefore, the main diagnostic characters are related to other features like prelabral, labral, and ventral head chaetotaxy and empodial complex morphology. In addition, our study suggests that Brazilian caves possibly shelter a great diversity of Pseudosinella taxa, several of them potentially cave dependent. Full article
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17 pages, 2264 KB  
Article
Protura in Arctic Regions, with Description of Mastodonentomon n. gen. (Acerentomidae, Nipponentominae) and a Key to Known Arctic Taxa
by Julia Shrubovych, Jerzy Smykla and Ernest C. Bernard
Insects 2020, 11(3), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11030173 - 9 Mar 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3686
Abstract
Protura are widespread, but their presence in the Arctic was first noted only ca. 70 years ago and is still little acknowledged. This work compiles taxonomic information on proturans in the Arctic regions and adds unpublished data from Northern Siberia. Currently, this fauna [...] Read more.
Protura are widespread, but their presence in the Arctic was first noted only ca. 70 years ago and is still little acknowledged. This work compiles taxonomic information on proturans in the Arctic regions and adds unpublished data from Northern Siberia. Currently, this fauna is represented by 23 species in two orders and 14 genera. The large cosmopolitan genus Eosentomon is represented by only four species, whereas Acerentomidae is much more diverse, with 19 species in 13 genera (eight Nipponentominae, five Acerentominae). Most of the Arctic species possess a larger number of setae than species living in temperate regions. Based on several unique characters, a new genus, Mastodonentomon, is erected for Nipponentomon macleani, and the species is re-described with the original description supplemented with new characters, including head chaetotaxy, seta length, and porotaxy. Proturan occurrence in the Arctic is limited to Beringia, but the majority of species have restricted distributions and none have been found in both the American Arctic and Siberia. This implies relict origins and high levels of proturan endemism in the Arctic. This emerging view on biogeographical history is, however, hampered by the limited extent of available data, which highlights the need for considerably greater survey efforts. A key to Arctic proturans is provided to facilitate further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polar Entomology)
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