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Keywords = glucose-polyacrylamide hydrogel

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13 pages, 4440 KiB  
Article
Eco-Friendly Preparation of Carbon-Bonded Carbon Fiber Based on Glucose-Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Derived Carbon as Binder
by Chen Zeng, Yanju Gu, You Xie, Weiqin Hu, Min Huang, Gen Liao, Jianxiao Yang, Zheqiong Fan and Ruixuan Tan
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1045; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061045 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2572
Abstract
Lightweight, high-temperature-resistant carbon-bonded carbon fiber (CBCF) composites with excellent thermal insulation properties are desirable materials for thermal protection systems in military and aerospace applications. Here, glucose was introduced into the polyacrylamide hydrogel to form the glucose-polyacrylamide (Glu-PAM) hydrogel. The CBCF composites were prepared [...] Read more.
Lightweight, high-temperature-resistant carbon-bonded carbon fiber (CBCF) composites with excellent thermal insulation properties are desirable materials for thermal protection systems in military and aerospace applications. Here, glucose was introduced into the polyacrylamide hydrogel to form the glucose-polyacrylamide (Glu-PAM) hydrogel. The CBCF composites were prepared using the Glu-PAM hydrogel as a brand-new binder, and the synergistic effect between glucose and acrylamide was investigated. The results showed the Glu-PAM hydrogel could limit the foaming of glucose and enhance the carbon yield of glucose. Meanwhile, the dopamine-modified chopped carbon fiber could be uniformly mixed by high-speed shearing to form a slurry with the Glu-PAM hydrogel. Finally, the slurry was successfully extruded and molded to prepare CBCF composites with a density of 0.158~0.390 g cm−3 and excellent thermal insulation performance and good mechanical properties. The compressive strength of CBCF composites with a density of 0.158 g cm−3 in the Z direction is 0.18 MPa, and the thermal conductivity in the Z direction at 25 °C and 1200 °C is 0.10 W m−1 k−1 and 0.20 W m−1 k−1, respectively. This study provided an efficient, environment-friendly, and cost-effective strategy for the preparation of CBCF composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Chemistry and Its Applications)
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11 pages, 2444 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Formation Mechanisms of Sugar-Derived Dense Carbons via Hydrogel Carbonization Method
by Liting Chen, Zheqiong Fan, Weiguo Mao, Cuiying Dai, Daming Chen and Xinghong Zhang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(22), 4090; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12224090 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2990
Abstract
Four kinds of sugar (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose) were selected as carbon precursors, and corresponding dense carbon products were prepared using a novel hydrogel carbonization method. The carbonization processes of sugar–polyacrylamide (sugar–PAM) hydrogels were studied in detail. The molecular structures in the [...] Read more.
Four kinds of sugar (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose) were selected as carbon precursors, and corresponding dense carbon products were prepared using a novel hydrogel carbonization method. The carbonization processes of sugar–polyacrylamide (sugar–PAM) hydrogels were studied in detail. The molecular structures in the raw materials were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Samples prepared at different temperatures were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphology and microstructure of sugar-derived carbons were confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the sugar solution was surrounded by PAM with a three-dimensional network structure and formed hydrogels in the initial stage. The sugar solution was considered to be separated into nanocapsules. In each nanocapsule, sugar molecules could be limited within the hydrogel via walls formed by PAM chains. The hydroxyl group in the sugar molecules connected with PAM by the hydrogen bond and intermolecular force, which can strengthen the entire hydrogel system. The self-generated pressure of hydrogel constrains the foam of sugar during the heat treatment. Finally, dense carbon materials with low graphitization instead of porous structure were prepared at 1200 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Chemistry and Its Applications)
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19 pages, 735 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Lactate Sensors Based on Lactate Oxidase and Palladium Benzoporphyrin Immobilized in Hydrogels
by Liam P. Andrus, Rachel Unruh, Natalie A. Wisniewski and Michael J. McShane
Biosensors 2015, 5(3), 398-416; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios5030398 - 7 Jul 2015
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 10792
Abstract
An optical biosensor for lactate detection is described. By encapsulating enzyme-phosphor sensing molecules within permeable hydrogel materials, lactate-sensitive emission lifetimes were achieved. The relative amount of monomer was varied to compare three homo- and co-polymer materials: poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and two copolymers of [...] Read more.
An optical biosensor for lactate detection is described. By encapsulating enzyme-phosphor sensing molecules within permeable hydrogel materials, lactate-sensitive emission lifetimes were achieved. The relative amount of monomer was varied to compare three homo- and co-polymer materials: poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and two copolymers of pHEMA and poly(acrylamide) (pAam). Diffusion analysis demonstrated the ability to control lactate transport by varying the hydrogel composition, while having a minimal effect on oxygen diffusion. Sensors displayed the desired dose-variable response to lactate challenges, highlighting the tunable, diffusion-controlled nature of the sensing platform. Short-term repeated exposure tests revealed enhanced stability for sensors comprising hydrogels with acrylamide additives; after an initial “break-in” period, signal retention was 100% for 15 repeated cycles. Finally, because this study describes the modification of a previously developed glucose sensor for lactate analysis, it demonstrates the potential for mix-and-match enzyme-phosphor-hydrogel sensing for use in future multi-analyte sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluorescence Based Sensing Technologies)
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12 pages, 422 KiB  
Article
Swelling Properties of Hydrogels Containing Phenylboronic Acids
by Arum Kim, Siddharthya K. Mujumdar and Ronald A. Siegel
Chemosensors 2014, 2(1), 1-12; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors2010001 - 30 Dec 2013
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 12411
Abstract
Phenylboronic acids are a class of compounds that bind glucose and other sugars. When polymerized into hydrogels, they provide a convenient nonenzymatic means for sensing glucose concentration, provided competing sugars are present at negligible concentrations. In this paper we provide a comprehensive study [...] Read more.
Phenylboronic acids are a class of compounds that bind glucose and other sugars. When polymerized into hydrogels, they provide a convenient nonenzymatic means for sensing glucose concentration, provided competing sugars are present at negligible concentrations. In this paper we provide a comprehensive study of swelling of hydrogels containing methacrylamidophenylboronic acid (MPBA), as a function of pH and concentration of either glucose or fructose. In one set of hydrogels, MPBA is substituted at 20 mol·% in a polyacrylamide hydrogel [p(MPBA-co-AAm)], while in a second set of hydrogels, 20 mol·% MPBA is supplemented with 20 mol·% of N-3-(dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide) [p(MPBA-co-DMP-co-AAm)]. Swelling curves are markedly different for fructose and glucose, and for the two sets of hydrogels. While fructose alters swelling by binding and contributing to the ionization of MPBA, glucose does the same, but it also can form crosslinking bridges between separate chains, leading to hydrogel shrinkage. While the [p(MPBA-co-AAm)] hydrogels behaved as polyacids, swelling monotonically with increasing pH, the [p(MPBA-co-DMP-co-AAm)] hydrogels exhibited polyampholyte behavior, with swelling minima at intermediate pH values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogel-Based Chemosensors)
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