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Keywords = glazed terracotta

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15 pages, 2762 KiB  
Article
Microanalytical Determinations to Distinguish Maiolica and Mezza Majolica Ceramics from Faenza (Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy)
by Elena Marrocchino, Maria Grazia Paletta and Chiara Telloli
Heritage 2022, 5(4), 3515-3529; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040182 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2127
Abstract
Post-Renaissance ceramics (XVI–XIX) obtained in the Emilia Romagna region (north of Italy) demonstrate the difficulty in correctly identifying two different main types of artifacts: (i) enamel terracotta (or majolica) and (ii) glazed engobed terracotta (or mezza-majolica). This problem arises from the fact that [...] Read more.
Post-Renaissance ceramics (XVI–XIX) obtained in the Emilia Romagna region (north of Italy) demonstrate the difficulty in correctly identifying two different main types of artifacts: (i) enamel terracotta (or majolica) and (ii) glazed engobed terracotta (or mezza-majolica). This problem arises from the fact that the two different artifacts have the same shape, mixture, and even the same decoration in terms of color and style. Based only on macroscopic observation, the distinction between majolica and mezza-majolica could be problematic. This study aims to propose an immediate identification of the finds by diagnostic investigations to achieve identification of the type of coating applied. Different kinds of archeological finds were collected during a restoration of an important building in the city center of Faenza, Italy, and were analyzed by optical transmitted light polarized microscopy on thin sections, scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS), and colorimetry analysis. The results identified two types of clayey material; one was Fe enriched carbonate clay and the other had Fe enriched non carbonate clay used in the production of the ceramic artifact. The analysis also distinguishes the different techniques by which the artifacts were produced, either by single firing or by double firing. Full article
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16 pages, 7225 KiB  
Article
Insights into Della Robbia’s Terracotta Monument to Cardinal Federighi: Raw Materials and Technologies
by Donata Magrini, Emma Cantisani, Silvia Vettori and Kaare Lund Rasmussen
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4304; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094304 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2782
Abstract
The present work comprises the application of a multi-analytical strategy based on the combination of several non-destructive and micro-invasive methodologies for the examination of the glazed tiles from the tomb of Benozzo Federighi made by Luca della Robbia. The marble tomb is framed [...] Read more.
The present work comprises the application of a multi-analytical strategy based on the combination of several non-destructive and micro-invasive methodologies for the examination of the glazed tiles from the tomb of Benozzo Federighi made by Luca della Robbia. The marble tomb is framed by flat glazed terracotta tiles, each ornamented with naturalistically depicted flowers. The tiles are assembled like an “opus sectile” and their background is gilded. The leaf is incorporated on the top of the glaze, differently by traditional gilding technique as in previous glazed works of della Robbia. The identification methodology integrates the results from spot analyses such as UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence, with those obtained on tiny samples by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopic observations, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and firing temperature analysis. The adopted analytical protocol allowed us to clarify peculiarities of the artist’s technique and of the manufacturing technology used to create the terracotta and gilded glazed tiles. The terracotta body shows main phases related with Ca-rich ceramic body and the glaze results Pb-based and additioned with Sn as an opacifier. Co, Pb-Sb and Cu were identified as glazes colouring agents. The hypothesis on the use of the “third firing” technique for gilding tiles is explored in the text. Full article
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