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Keywords = fletchervirus

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16 pages, 1879 KiB  
Article
Campylobacter Bacteriophage Cocktail Design Based on an Advanced Selection Scheme
by Severin Michael Steffan, Golshan Shakeri, Corinna Kehrenberg, Elisa Peh, Manfred Rohde, Madeleine Plötz and Sophie Kittler
Antibiotics 2022, 11(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020228 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2992
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a worldwide-occurring disease and has been the most commonly reported zoonotic gastrointestinal infection in the European Union in recent years. The development of successful phage-based intervention strategies will require a better understanding of phage–bacteria interactions to facilitate advances in phage cocktail [...] Read more.
Campylobacteriosis is a worldwide-occurring disease and has been the most commonly reported zoonotic gastrointestinal infection in the European Union in recent years. The development of successful phage-based intervention strategies will require a better understanding of phage–bacteria interactions to facilitate advances in phage cocktail design. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of newly isolated group II and group III phages and their combinations on current Campylobacter field strains. A continuous workflow for host range and efficiency of plating (EOP) value determination was combined with a qPCR-based phage group identification and a liquid-based planktonic killing assay (PKA). An advanced analysis scheme allowed us to evaluate phage cocktails by their efficacy in inhibiting bacterial population growth and the resulting phage concentrations. The results of this study indicate that data obtained from PKAs are more accurate than host range data based on plaque formation (EOP). Planktonic killing assays with Campylobacter appear to be a useful tool for a straightforward cocktail design. Results show that a group II phage vB_CcM-LmqsCP218-2c2 and group III phage vB_CjM-LmqsCP1-1 mixture would be most promising for practical applications against Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni. Full article
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12 pages, 1065 KiB  
Article
Two Distinct Modes of Lysis Regulation in Campylobacter Fletchervirus and Firehammervirus Phages
by Athina Zampara, Stephen J. Ahern, Yves Briers, Lone Brøndsted and Martine Camilla Holst Sørensen
Viruses 2020, 12(11), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12111247 - 31 Oct 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3139
Abstract
Campylobacter phages are divided into two genera; Fletchervirus and Firehammervirus, showing only limited intergenus homology. Here, we aim to identify the lytic genes of both genera using two representative phages (F352 and F379) from our collection. We performed a detailed in silico [...] Read more.
Campylobacter phages are divided into two genera; Fletchervirus and Firehammervirus, showing only limited intergenus homology. Here, we aim to identify the lytic genes of both genera using two representative phages (F352 and F379) from our collection. We performed a detailed in silico analysis searching for conserved protein domains and found that the predicted lytic genes are not organized into lysis cassettes but are conserved within each genus. To verify the function of selected lytic genes, the proteins were expressed in E. coli, followed by lytic assays. Our results show that Fletchervirus phages encode a typical signal peptide (SP) endolysin dependent on the Sec-pathway for translocation and a holin for activation. In contrast, Firehammervirus phages encode a novel endolysin that does not belong to currently described endolysin groups. This endolysin also uses the Sec-pathway for translocation but induces lysis of E. coli after overexpression. Interestingly, co-expression of this endolysin with an overlapping gene delayed and limited cell lysis, suggesting that this gene functions as a lysis inhibitor. These results indicate that Firehammervirus phages regulate lysis timing by a yet undescribed mechanism. In conclusion, we found that the two Campylobacter phage genera control lysis by two distinct mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Bacterial Viruses)
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