Search Results (5)

Traditional reversible data hiding (RDH) methods prioritize the exact recovery of the original cover image; however, this rigidity often hinders both capacity and design flexibility. This study introduces a partial reversible data hiding (PRDH) framework that departs from conventional standards by allowing reversibility relative to a generated cover image rather than the original. The proposed system leverages a dual-image structure and an enhanced HC(7,4) Hamming code to synthesize virtual pixels, enabling efficient and low-distortion syndrome-based encoding. Notably, it achieves embedding rates up to 1.5 bpp with PSNR values exceeding 48 dB. While the proposed method avoids auxiliary data, its reliability hinges on paired image availability, which is a consideration for real-world deployment. Demonstrated resilience to RS-based steganalysis suggests viability in sensitive domains such as embedding structured metadata in diagnostic medical imagery. Nonetheless, further evaluation across more diverse image types and attack scenarios is necessary in order to confirm its generalizability. Full article

This paper proposes a reversible data hiding technique based on two cover images. The proposed method enhances performance by utilizing Hamming coding (HC), arithmetic coding (AC), and an improved Exploiting Modification Direction (EMD) technique. Since AC provides lossless compression for binary data, it is widely used in image compression and helps maximize the efficiency of data transmission and storage. The EMD technique is recognized as an efficient data hiding method. However, it has a significant limitation: it does not allow for the restoration of the original cover image after data extraction. Additionally, EMD has a data hiding capacity limit of approximately 1.2 bpp. To address these limitations, an improved reversible data hiding technique is proposed. In this study, HC and AC are integrated with an improved EMD technique to enhance data hiding performance, achieving higher embedding capacity while ensuring the complete restoration of the original cover image. In the proposed method, Hamming coding is applied for data encoding and arithmetic coding is used for compression to increase efficiency. The compressed data are then embedded using the improved EMD technique, enabling the receiver to fully restore the original cover image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an average PSNR of 66 dB and a data embedding capacity of 1.5 bpp, proving to be a promising approach for secure and efficient data hiding applications. Full article

In this study, we investigate advances in reversible data hiding (RDH), a critical area in the era of widespread digital data sharing. Recognizing the inherent vulnerabilities such as unauthorized access and data corruption during data transmission, we introduce an innovative dual approach to RDH. We use the EMD (Exploiting Modification Direction) method along with an optimized LSB (Least Significant Bit) replacement strategy. This dual method, applied to grayscale images, has been carefully developed to improve data hiding by focusing on modifying pixel pairs. Our approach sets new standards for achieving a balance between high data embedding rates and the integrity of visual quality. The EMD method ensures that each secret digit in a 5-ary notational system is hidden by 2 cover pixels. Meanwhile, our LSB strategy finely adjusts the pixels selected by EMD to minimize data errors. Despite its simplicity, this approach has been proven to outperform existing technologies. It offers a high embedding rate (ER) while maintaining the high visual quality of the stego images. Moreover, it significantly improves data hiding capacity. This enables the full recovery of the original image without increasing file size or adding unnecessary data, marking a significant breakthrough in data security. Full article

In this paper, we propose a separable reversible data hiding method in encrypted image (RDHEI) based on two-dimensional permutation and exploiting modification direction (EMD). The content owner uses two-dimensional permutation to encrypt original image through encryption key, which provides confidentiality for the original image. Then the data hider divides the encrypted image into a series of non-overlapping blocks and constructs histogram of adjacent encrypted pixel errors. Secret bits are embedded into a series of peak points of the histogram through EMD. Direct decryption, data extraction and image recovery can be performed separately by the receiver according to the availability of encryption key and data-hiding key. Different from some state-of-the-art RDHEI methods, visual quality of the directly decrypted image can be further improved by the receiver holding the encryption key. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms some state-of-the-art methods in embedding capacity and visual quality. Full article

Data hiding is an efficient technique that conceals secret data into a digital medium. In 2006, Zhang and Wang proposed a data hiding scheme called exploiting modification direction (EMD) which has become a milestone in the field of data hiding. In recent years, many EMD-type data hiding schemes have been developed, but their embedding capacity remains restricted. In this paper, a novel data hiding scheme based on the combination of Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) and a new extraction function is proposed. By the proposed scheme, the cover image is divided into non-overlapping pixel groups for embedding to increase the embedding capacity. Experimental results show that the embedding capacity of the proposed scheme is significantly higher (greater than 2.5 bpp) than previously proposed schemes while ensuring very good visual quality of the stego image. In addition, security analysis is given to show that the proposed scheme can resist visual attack. Full article