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Keywords = epithelioid trophoblastic tumour

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16 pages, 842 KiB  
Review
Radiation Therapy for Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: Forward-Looking Lessons Learnt
by Amelia Barcellini, Andrei Fodor, Alexandra Charalampopoulou, Chiara Cassani, Laura Deborah Locati, Raffaella Cioffi, Alice Bergamini, Sandro Pignata, Ester Orlandi and Giorgia Mangili
Cancers 2023, 15(19), 4817; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194817 - 30 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2609
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) includes several rare malignant diseases occurring after pregnancy: invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumours, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumours. Multidisciplinary protocols including multi-agent chemotherapy, surgery, and occasionally radiotherapy achieve good outcomes for some high-risk metastatic patients. In this narrative [...] Read more.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) includes several rare malignant diseases occurring after pregnancy: invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumours, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumours. Multidisciplinary protocols including multi-agent chemotherapy, surgery, and occasionally radiotherapy achieve good outcomes for some high-risk metastatic patients. In this narrative review of the published studies on the topic, we have tried to identify the role of radiotherapy. The available studies are mainly small, old, and retrospective, with incomplete data regarding radiotherapy protocols delivering low doses (which can make this disease appear radioresistant in some cases despite high response rates with palliative doses) to wide fields (whole-brain, whole-liver, etc.), which can increase toxicity. Studies considering modern techniques are needed to overcome these limitations and determine the full potential of radiotherapy beyond its antihemorrhagic and palliative roles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Treatment of Rare Tumors)
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10 pages, 5680 KiB  
Case Report
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumour: A Case with Genetic Linkage to a Child Born over Seventeen Years Prior, Successfully Treated with Surgery and Pembrolizumab
by David Pisani, Jean Calleja-Agius, Riccardo Di Fiore, John J. O’Leary, James P. Beirne, Sharon A. O’Toole, Ana Felix and Ian Said-Huntingford
Curr. Oncol. 2021, 28(6), 5346-5355; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28060446 - 13 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3962
Abstract
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumours are rare neoplasms showing differentiation towards the chorion leave-type intermediate cytotrophoblast, with only a handful of cases being reported in the literature. These tumours are slow-growing and are typically confined to the uterus for extended periods of time. While the [...] Read more.
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumours are rare neoplasms showing differentiation towards the chorion leave-type intermediate cytotrophoblast, with only a handful of cases being reported in the literature. These tumours are slow-growing and are typically confined to the uterus for extended periods of time. While the pathogenesis is unclear, they are thought to arise from a remnant intermediate trophoblast originating from prior normal pregnancies or, less frequently, gestational trophoblastic tumours. A protracted time period between the gestational event and tumour development is typical. This case describes a 49-year-old previously healthy female who presented with a completely asymptomatic uterine mass, discovered incidentally during a routine gynaecological assessment. The pathological analysis of the hysterectomy specimen confirmed an epithelioid trophoblastic tumour, involving the uterus and cervix. This is a rare gynaecological tumour. A comparative short tandem repeat analysis revealed genetic similarities to a previous healthy gestation seventeen years prior. She was successful treated with adjuvant pembrolizumab, with no evidence of disease recurrence to date. Full article
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