Search Results (2)

Background/Objectives: The management of ocular tumors often necessitates surgery, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or other modalities. While crucial for tumor control, these treatments can significantly impact the ocular surface, leading to both acute and chronic complications. This review examines iatrogenic ocular surface diseases resulting from oncologic interventions, emphasizing their pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify studies on iatrogenic ocular surface complications associated with ocular tumor treatments. Results: Ocular surface complications include direct damage from surgical manipulation, leading to corneal opacities and persistent epithelial defects, as well as dry eye disease secondary to postoperative chemosis. These disruptions may progress to more severe conditions such as keratopathy, corneal ulcers, limbal stem cell deficiency, and stromal scarring, further impairing visual function. Structural alterations contribute to eyelid malpositions—including ectropion, entropion, round eye, and lagophthalmos—which exacerbate exposure-related damage and ocular surface instability. In cases of uveal melanomas, the exposure of episcleral brachytherapy plaques can induce chronic conjunctival irritation, promoting adhesion formation and symblepharon. Surgical interventions disrupt ocular surface homeostasis, while radiotherapy and chemotherapy exacerbate these effects through cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms. Conclusions: Preventing and managing iatrogenic ocular surface complications require a multidisciplinary approach involving early diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and targeted postoperative care. Comprehensive pre- and postoperative planning is essential to optimize both visual function and long-term ocular surface integrity, ultimately ensuring a balance between oncologic control with functional and aesthetic preservation. Full article

Conjunctival melanoma is a rare neoplasia, whose therapeutic management is generally of ophthalmological relevance, through radical surgical resection. The high incidence of local relapses after surgery, has made it necessary to combine various types of adjuvant treatments, which in some cases take on the role of radical treatments. Among these non-surgical treatments, those involving the application of ionizing radiation are becoming particularly important. In this review, we discuss the role of episcleral brachytherapy, external photon-beam radiotherapy, also made through stereotactic or radiosurgical modality, and of proton-beam radiotherapy. We try also to take stock of the benefits of the different irradiation modalities and the application difficulties of each. Full article