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Keywords = cyclophosphazene derivative

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12 pages, 3891 KiB  
Article
Improving the Heat Resistance and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin Composites by Novel Multifunctional Cyclophosphazene Derivatives
by Wangxi Fan, Zefang Li, Qin Liao, Lintong Zhang, Longjie Kong, Zhou Yang and Meng Xiang
Polymers 2023, 15(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15010059 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2581
Abstract
A novel multiple-ring molecule containing P and N, called HCCP-SA, was successfully prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of salicylamide (SA) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). Particularly, HCCP-SA possessed the dual functions of heat resistance and flame retardancy. The molecular structure of HCCP-SA was identified [...] Read more.
A novel multiple-ring molecule containing P and N, called HCCP-SA, was successfully prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of salicylamide (SA) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). Particularly, HCCP-SA possessed the dual functions of heat resistance and flame retardancy. The molecular structure of HCCP-SA was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. HCCP-SA was bonded into the molecular chain of epoxy resin by the ring-opening curing reaction of epoxy resin, aiming to form a heat-resistant and flame-retardant composite (E-HS-x). In particular, the best-prepared E-HS-x composite with a 20 phr content of HCCP-SA (E-HS-20) presented excellent thermal stability, with an initial decomposition temperature of 267.94 °C and a max weight loss speed of only 0.95 mg·min−1. Moreover, E-HS-20 exhibited remarkable flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index value of 27.1% and a V-2 rating in the UL94 flame retardancy test. The best-prepared E-HS-20 composite would be a suitable and potential candidate for heat-resistant and flame-retardant polymer materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat-Resistant and Flame-Retardant Polymer Materials)
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15 pages, 5899 KiB  
Article
Cyclophosphazene Intrinsically Derived Heteroatom (S, N, P, O)-Doped Carbon Nanoplates for Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Dopamine from Chicken Samples
by Yasir Abbas, Naeem Akhtar, Sania Ghaffar, Ahlam I. Al-Sulami, Muhammad Asad, Muhammad Ehsan Mazhar, Farhan Zafar, Akhtar Hayat and Zhanpeng Wu
Biosensors 2022, 12(12), 1106; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121106 - 1 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2211
Abstract
A novel, metal-free electrode based on heteroatom (S, N, P, O)-doped carbon nanoplates (SNPO-CPL) modifying lead pencil graphite (LPG) has been synthesized by carbonizing a unique heteroatom (S, N, P, O)-containing novel polymer, poly(cyclcotriphosphazene-co-2,5-dioxy-1,4-dithiane) (PCD), for precise screening of dopamine (DA). The designed [...] Read more.
A novel, metal-free electrode based on heteroatom (S, N, P, O)-doped carbon nanoplates (SNPO-CPL) modifying lead pencil graphite (LPG) has been synthesized by carbonizing a unique heteroatom (S, N, P, O)-containing novel polymer, poly(cyclcotriphosphazene-co-2,5-dioxy-1,4-dithiane) (PCD), for precise screening of dopamine (DA). The designed electrode, SNPO-CPL-800, with optimized percentage of S, N, P, O doping through the sp2-carbon chain, and a large number of surface defects (thus leading to a maximum exposition number of catalytic active sites) led to fast molecular diffusion through the micro-porous structure and facilitated strong binding interaction with the targeted molecules in the interactive signaling transducer at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The designed SNPO-CPL-800 electrode exhibited a sensitive and selective response towards DA monitoring, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 nM. We also monitored DA levels in commercially available chicken samples using the SNPO-CPL-800 electrode even in the presence of interfering species, thus proving the effectiveness of the designed electrode for the precise monitoring of DA in real samples. This research shows there is a strong potential for opening new windows for ultrasensitive DA monitoring with metal-free electrodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors and Their Application in Agriculture and Food Science)
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10 pages, 3780 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of a Cyclophosphazene Derivative Containing Multiple Cyano Groups for Electron-Beam Irradiated Flame-Retardant Materials
by Bingbing Leng, Jiayu Yang, Chunhui Zhu, Zhipeng Wang, Chengying Shi, Yang Liu, Hongyan Zhang, Wenge Xu and Baijun Liu
Polymers 2021, 13(20), 3460; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13203460 - 9 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1951
Abstract
A cyclophosphazene derivative containing multiple cyano groups, denoted as hexa(4-cyanophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (CN-CP), was synthesized by a one-step nucleophilic substitution reaction for a phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant. To meet the strict requirement of safe and environment-protective insulation materials, a series of composites based on low-density polyethylene-poly(ethylene-co-vinyl [...] Read more.
A cyclophosphazene derivative containing multiple cyano groups, denoted as hexa(4-cyanophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (CN-CP), was synthesized by a one-step nucleophilic substitution reaction for a phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant. To meet the strict requirement of safe and environment-protective insulation materials, a series of composites based on low-density polyethylene-poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) containing CN-CP/Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3 organic-inorganic synergistic flame retardants was fabricated. High-energy electron beam irradiation was subsequently applied to obtain a halogen-free flame-retardant crosslinked system. The relationship between crosslinking degree and irradiation dose was studied, and crosslinking degrees ranging within 63–85% were obtained under 100–190 kGy. Furthermore, the effects of CN-CP filler and irradiation dose on the properties of the composites were carefully investigated. The maximum tensile stress and limiting oxygen index values of most composites irradiated by EB were more than 15 MPa and 28%. Results revealed that the obtained materials had excellent thermal and mechanical, flame-retardant, and insulation properties, thereby suggesting their promising prospects for wire and cable applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
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12 pages, 3100 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Porous Microparticles Based on a Single Organosilica Cyclophosphazene Precursor
by Vanessa Poscher, George S. Pappas, Oliver Brüggemann, Ian Teasdale and Yolanda Salinas
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(22), 8552; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228552 - 13 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2667
Abstract
Porous organosilica microparticles consisting of silane-derived cyclophosphazene bridges were synthesized by a surfactant-mediated sol-gel process. Starting from the substitution of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with allylamine, two different precursors were obtained by anchoring three or six alkoxysilane units, via a thiol-ene photoaddition reaction. In both cases, [...] Read more.
Porous organosilica microparticles consisting of silane-derived cyclophosphazene bridges were synthesized by a surfactant-mediated sol-gel process. Starting from the substitution of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with allylamine, two different precursors were obtained by anchoring three or six alkoxysilane units, via a thiol-ene photoaddition reaction. In both cases, spherical, microparticles (size average of ca. 1000 nm) with large pores were obtained, confirmed by both, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Particles synthesized using the partially functionalized precursor containing free vinyl groups were further functionalized with a thiol-containing molecule. While most other reported mesoporous organosilica particles are essentially hybrids with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), a unique feature of these particles is that structural control is achieved by exclusively using organosilane precursors. This allows an increase in the proportion of the co-components and could springboard these novel phosphorus-containing organosilica microparticles for different areas of technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ordered Mesoporous Materials)
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23 pages, 14574 KiB  
Article
A Green Water-Soluble Cyclophosphazene as a Flame Retardant Finish for Textiles
by Thomas Mayer-Gall, Dennis Plohl, Leonie Derksen, Dana Lauer, Pia Neldner, Wael Ali, Sabine Fuchs, Jochen S. Gutmann and Klaus Opwis
Molecules 2019, 24(17), 3100; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173100 - 26 Aug 2019
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5585
Abstract
Poly- and cyclophosphazenes are excellent flame retardants but currently, are not used as textile finishing agents because water-soluble and permanent washing systems are missing. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, the successful usage of a water-soluble cyclotriphosphazene derivative for textile finishing for [...] Read more.
Poly- and cyclophosphazenes are excellent flame retardants but currently, are not used as textile finishing agents because water-soluble and permanent washing systems are missing. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, the successful usage of a water-soluble cyclotriphosphazene derivative for textile finishing for cotton, different cotton/polyester, and cotton/polyamide blend fabrics. A durable finish was achieved using a photoinduced grafting reaction. The flame retardant properties of the various fabrics were improved with a higher limiting oxygen index, a reduced heat release rate, and an exhibition of intumescent. Furthermore, the finished textiles passed several standardized flammability tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Surface Functionalization)
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15 pages, 350 KiB  
Article
Theoretical Study for High-Energy-Density Compounds Derived from Cyclophosphazene. IV. DFT Studies on 1,1-Diamino-3,3,5,5,7,7-hexaazidocyclotetraphosphazene and Its Isomers
by Jianguo Zhang, Huihui Zheng, Tonglai Zhang and Man Wu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10(8), 3502-3516; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10083502 - 6 Aug 2009
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 12133
Abstract
In the present study, a theoretical study of 1,1-diaminohexaazidocyclo-tetraphophazene (DAHA) and its isomers has been performed, using quantum computational density functional theory (B3LYP and B3PW91 methods) with 6-31G* and 6-31G** basis sets implemented in Gaussian 03 program suite. Molecular structure and bonding, vibrational [...] Read more.
In the present study, a theoretical study of 1,1-diaminohexaazidocyclo-tetraphophazene (DAHA) and its isomers has been performed, using quantum computational density functional theory (B3LYP and B3PW91 methods) with 6-31G* and 6-31G** basis sets implemented in Gaussian 03 program suite. Molecular structure and bonding, vibrational frequencies, Milliken population analysis, and natural bond orbit (NBO) have been studied. The heats of formation from atomization energies have also been calculated based on the optimized geometry. The obtained heats of formation data are compared with their homologous cyclophosphazene in order to demonstrate the accuracy of the methods, which indicate that the studied compounds might be potentially used as high energetic materials. In addition, the relative stability of five isomers have been deduced based on the total energy and the gap of frontier orbital energies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Density Functional Theory)
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