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9 pages, 286 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cutaneous Mastocytosis in Childhood—Update from the Literature

by Florica Sandru, Răzvan-Cosmin Petca, Monica Costescu, Mihai Cristian Dumitrașcu, Adelina Popa, Aida Petca and Raluca-Gabriela Miulescu

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(7), 1474; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071474 - 2 Apr 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5756

Abstract

Mastocytosis (M) represents a systemic pathology characterized by increased accumulation and clonal proliferation of mast cells in the skin and/or different organs. Broadly, M is classified into two categories: Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) and systemic mastocytosis (SM). In children, CM is the most frequent form. Unfortunately, pathogenesis is still unclear. It is thought that genetic factors are involved, but further studies are necessary. As for features of CM, the lesions differ in clinical forms. The most important fact is evaluating a pediatric patient with CM. It must comprise laboratory exams (with baseline dosing of total serum tryptase), a skin biopsy (with a pathological exam and, if the diagnosis is unclear, immunohistochemical tests), and a complete clinical evaluation. It is also defining to distinguish between CM and other diseases with cutaneous involvement. As for the management of CM in children, the first intervention implies eliminating trigger factors. The available cures are oral H1 and/or H2 antihistamines, oral cromolyn sodium, oral methoxypsoralen therapy with long-wave psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation, potent dermatocorticoid, and calcineurin inhibitors. In children, the prognosis of CM is excellent, especially if the disease’s onset is in the first or second years of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Dermatology)

15 pages, 3042 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Advanced Chemometric-Assisted Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Cromolyn Sodium and Its Alkaline Degradation Products

by Noha M. El Zahar, Mariam M. Tadros and Bassam M. Ayoub

Molecules 2020, 25(24), 5953; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245953 - 16 Dec 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3160

Abstract

Advanced and sensitive spectrophotometric and chemometric analytical methods were successfully established for the stability-indicating assay of cromolyn sodium (CS) and its alkaline degradation products (Deg1 and Deg2). Spectrophotometric mean centering ratio spectra method (MCR) and chemometric methods, including principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS-2) methods, were applied. Peak amplitudes after MCR at 367.8 nm, 373.8 nm and 310.6 nm were used within linear concentration ranges of 2–40 µg mL⁻¹, 5–40 µg mL⁻¹ and 10–100 µg mL⁻¹ for CS, Deg1 and Deg2, respectively. For PCR and PLS-2 models, a calibration set of eighteen mixtures and a validation set of seven mixtures were built for the simultaneous determination of CS, Deg1 and Deg2 in the ranges of 5–13 µg mL⁻¹, 8–16 µg mL⁻¹, and 10–30 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. The authors emphasize the importance of a stability-indicating strategy for the investigation of pharmaceutical products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemometrics Tools Used in Analytical Chemistry)

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