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Keywords = ciliary wave form

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13 pages, 4377 KB  
Article
The Increase in the Frequency and Amplitude of the Beating of Isolated Mouse Tracheal Cilia Reactivated by ATP and cAMP with Elevation in pH
by Akari Kobayashi, Kotoku Kawaguchi, Shinji Asano, Hong Wu, Takashi Nakano, Toshio Inui, Yoshinori Marunaka and Takashi Nakahari
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8138; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158138 - 26 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1703
Abstract
Single cilia, 100 nm in diameter and 10 µm in length, were isolated from mouse tracheae with Triton X-100 (0.02%) treatment, and the effects of pH on ciliary beating were examined by measuring the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and the ciliary bend distance [...] Read more.
Single cilia, 100 nm in diameter and 10 µm in length, were isolated from mouse tracheae with Triton X-100 (0.02%) treatment, and the effects of pH on ciliary beating were examined by measuring the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and the ciliary bend distance (CBD—an index of amplitude) using a high-speed video microscope (250 fps). ATP (2.5 mM) plus 8Br-cAMP (10 µM) reactivated the CBF and CBD in the isolated cilia, similar to the cilia of in vivo tracheae. In the reactivated isolated cilia, an elevation in pH from 7.0 to 8.0 increased the CBF from 3 to 15 Hz and the CBD from 0.6 to 1.5 µm. The pH elevation also increased the velocity of the effective stroke; however, it did not increase the recovery stroke, and, moreover, it decreased the intervals between beats. This indicates that H+ (pHi) directly acts on the axonemal machinery to regulate CBF and CBD. In isolated cilia priorly treated with 1 µM PKI-amide (a PKA inhibitor), 8Br-cAMP did not increase the CBF or CBD in the ATP-stimulated isolated cilia. pH modulates the PKA signal, which enhances the axonemal beating generated by the ATP-activated inner and outer dyneins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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18 pages, 3054 KB  
Review
Novel Insights into the Development and Function of Cilia Using the Advantages of the Paramecium Cell and Its Many Cilia
by Junji Yano, Megan S. Valentine and Judith L. Van Houten
Cells 2015, 4(3), 297-314; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells4030297 - 29 Jul 2015
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 12903
Abstract
Paramecium species, especially P. tetraurelia and caudatum, are model organisms for modern research into the form and function of cilia. In this review, we focus on the ciliary ion channels and other transmembrane proteins that control the beat frequency and wave form [...] Read more.
Paramecium species, especially P. tetraurelia and caudatum, are model organisms for modern research into the form and function of cilia. In this review, we focus on the ciliary ion channels and other transmembrane proteins that control the beat frequency and wave form of the cilium by controlling the signaling within the cilium. We put these discussions in the context of the advantages that Paramecium brings to the understanding of ciliary motility: mutants for genetic dissections of swimming behavior, electrophysiology, structural analysis, abundant cilia for biochemistry and modern proteomics, genomics and molecular biology. We review the connection between behavior and physiology, which allows the cells to broadcast the function of their ciliary channels in real time. We build a case for the important insights and advantages that this model organism continues to bring to the study of cilia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cilia and Flagella: Biogenesis and Function)
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