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Keywords = calamitic and discotic mesogens

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25 pages, 10678 KB  
Review
Liquid Crystals as Lubricants
by Nadezhda V. Usol’tseva and Antonina I. Smirnova
Lubricants 2019, 7(12), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7120111 - 9 Dec 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6335
Abstract
The review summarizes the literature data and the authors’ own research results on the application of liquid crystals in tribology. It has been shown that both thermotropic (calamitic, discotic, cholesteric) and lyotropic (surfactants, chromonics) mesogens as tribological additives are able to optimize the [...] Read more.
The review summarizes the literature data and the authors’ own research results on the application of liquid crystals in tribology. It has been shown that both thermotropic (calamitic, discotic, cholesteric) and lyotropic (surfactants, chromonics) mesogens as tribological additives are able to optimize the properties of lubricating compositions when introduced even at low concentrations to oils and greases. A wide possibility of varying the chemical structure of mesogens and studying the relationship between their structure and tribological properties can be used for the desired (programmed) change of the quality of tribotechnical processes. The synergism of the combined use of mesogenic esters of cholesterol and carbon nanostructures as additives in improving tribological properties has been established. The use of synthetic lubricants in biological systems still requires further research as the experimental results obtained on models of joint prostheses in vitro conditions are significantly worse than the results obtained in vivo. Considering the annual loss of billions of US dollars worldwide due to the low efficiency of friction processes in the industry and the resulting wear, liquid crystals and the systems based on them can be the most effective way to optimize these processes. The present review will be useful for researchers and industrialists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Crystalline and Ionic Liquid Crystalline Lubricants)
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22 pages, 1204 KB  
Review
Gold Liquid Crystals in the XXI Century
by Manuel Bardají
Inorganics 2014, 2(3), 433-454; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics2030433 - 6 Aug 2014
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7055
Abstract
Since the first gold liquid crystal was described in 1986, much effort has been done to prepare new compounds bearing this property. The review deals with the last results obtained in this new century. Gold(I) has a strong affinity to give linear co-ordination [...] Read more.
Since the first gold liquid crystal was described in 1986, much effort has been done to prepare new compounds bearing this property. The review deals with the last results obtained in this new century. Gold(I) has a strong affinity to give linear co-ordination and metal-metal interactions, which produce a rich supramolecular chemistry, and can promote the behavior as liquid crystal. Therefore, most liquid crystals are based on rod-like gold(I) compounds, while gold(III) liquid crystals are scarce. Calamitic and discotic mesogens have been reported, as well as chiral liquid crystals. Weak interactions such as H-bonds have also been used to obtain gold mesogens. Some of them exhibit additional properties, such as color, luminescence, and chirality. Luminescence has been reported, not only in the solid state or in solution, but also in the mesophase. This is relevant for applications in LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), information storage, and sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Gold Chemistry)
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