Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (26)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = bi-burst

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
16 pages, 1150 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Midazolam’s Influence on Bispectral Index and Propofol Concentrations Using Schnider and Eleveld Models in Target-Controlled Infusion General Anesthesia: A Prospective Observational Study
by Federico Linassi, Paolo Zanatta, Matthias Kreuzer, Emma Ciavattini, Christian Rizzetto and Michele Carron
Life 2025, 15(2), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020219 - 31 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1406
Abstract
Background: Midazolam is widely used in clinical anesthesia, but its effects on the Bispectral Index (BIS) and propofol concentration at the effector site (CeP) are underexplored. This study investigates the pharmacodynamic interaction between midazolam and propofol in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with target-controlled [...] Read more.
Background: Midazolam is widely used in clinical anesthesia, but its effects on the Bispectral Index (BIS) and propofol concentration at the effector site (CeP) are underexplored. This study investigates the pharmacodynamic interaction between midazolam and propofol in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with target-controlled infusion (TCI), focusing on Schnider and Eleveld models. Methods: This prospective study included breast surgery patients receiving TIVA-TCI. BIS and CeP were assessed at loss of responsiveness (LoR), during maintenance (MA), and at return of responsiveness (RoR). Incidences of unwanted spontaneous responsiveness (USRE), burst suppression episodes (BSuppE), and postoperative delirium (POD) were recorded. Results: Midazolam premedication significantly reduced propofol doses and CeP at LoR and during MA, without affecting CeP at RoR. In the Schnider model, midazolam reduced total propofol dose, while in the Eleveld model, it lowered BIS at LoR. Unwanted anesthesia events occurred in 36.2% of patients, including USRE (10%), BSuppE (26.2%), and POD (1.2%). BSuppE rates were lower in the Schnider model and reduced in the midazolam group in the Eleveld model. Conclusions: Midazolam premedication influences CeP and BIS in TIVA-TCI, with model-specific variations, optimizing propofol management and improving patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3637 KiB  
Article
Different Time Courses of Mono- and Bi-Liganded Bursts of Channel Openings of Adult nAChR Molecules Formed by the Reactions of Transmembrane Regions
by Dmitrij Ljaschenko, Martin Pauli, Achmed Mrestani, Josef Dudel and Manfred Heckmann
Cells 2024, 13(24), 2079; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13242079 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 755
Abstract
We recorded transmembrane currents through single nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cell-attached patches at high temporal resolutions from cultured and transiently transfected HEK 293 cells. Receptor activation was elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) or epibatidine (Ebd) at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 µM, [...] Read more.
We recorded transmembrane currents through single nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cell-attached patches at high temporal resolutions from cultured and transiently transfected HEK 293 cells. Receptor activation was elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) or epibatidine (Ebd) at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 µM, binding to one (Rαδ or Rαε) or both extracellular ligand binding sites (Rαδ+αε). Agonist binding to Rαδ resulted in very short openings with mean durations of (τo1 < 5 µs), while the binding to Rαε produced short (τo2 = 37 µs) and intermediate openings (τo3 = 187 µs). Binding at both sites (Rαδ+αε) generated long openings (τo4 = 752 µs). All durations are noted in brackets since missed closures could shorten the results. Mono-liganded bursts were elicited at 0.01 µM ACh or Ebd, lasted less than a millisecond, displayed the typical current amplitude, and were interrupted by frequent microsecond-scale closures (µBs) that often did not reach the zero current. In contrast, bi-liganded bursts exhibited classical full amplitudes and long open states lasting up to several milliseconds, interspersed with rare µB closures of a similar duration to those observed in mono-liganded bursts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diving Deep into Synaptic Transmission)
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4490 KiB  
Article
Research on the Fiber-to-the-Room Network Traffic Prediction Method Based on Crested Porcupine Optimizer Optimization
by Jingjing Zang, Bingyao Cao and Yiming Hong
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4840; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114840 - 3 Jun 2024
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1420
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of traffic burst due to the increase in access points and user movement in an FTTR network, as well as to meet the demand for a high-performance network, it is necessary to rationally allocate network resources, and [...] Read more.
In order to solve the problem of traffic burst due to the increase in access points and user movement in an FTTR network, as well as to meet the demand for a high-performance network, it is necessary to rationally allocate network resources, and accurate traffic prediction is very important for dynamic bandwidth allocation in such a network. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel traffic prediction model, named CPO-BiTCN-BiLSTM-SA, which integrates the Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO), bidirectional temporal convolution (BiTCN), and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks. BiTCN extends the traditional TCN by incorporating bidirectional data information, while BiLSTM enhances the network’s capability to learn from long sequences. Moreover, self-attention (SA) mechanisms are utilized to emphasize the crucial segments in the data. Subsequently, the BiTCN-BiLSTM-SA model is optimized by CPO to obtain the best network hyperparameters, and model training prediction is performed to achieve multi-step predictions based on single-step prediction. To evaluate the model’s generalization ability, two distinct datasets are employed for traffic prediction. Experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed model surpasses existing models in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). In comparison with the traditional XGBoost model, the proposed model has an average reduction of 29.50%, 25.43%, and 25.00% in RMSE, MAE, and MAPE, respectively, with a 6.70% improvement in R2. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 10040 KiB  
Article
Gas Outburst Warning Method in Driving Faces: Enhanced Methodology through Optuna Optimization, Adaptive Normalization, and Transformer Framework
by Zhenguo Yan, Zhixin Qin, Jingdao Fan, Yuxin Huang, Yanping Wang, Jinglong Zhang, Longcheng Zhang and Yuqi Cao
Sensors 2024, 24(10), 3150; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103150 - 15 May 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1386
Abstract
Addressing common challenges such as limited indicators, poor adaptability, and imprecise modeling in gas pre-warning systems for driving faces, this study proposes a hybrid predictive and pre-warning model grounded in time-series analysis. The aim is to tackle the effects of broad application across [...] Read more.
Addressing common challenges such as limited indicators, poor adaptability, and imprecise modeling in gas pre-warning systems for driving faces, this study proposes a hybrid predictive and pre-warning model grounded in time-series analysis. The aim is to tackle the effects of broad application across diverse mines and insufficient data on warning accuracy. Firstly, we introduce an adaptive normalization (AN) model for standardizing gas sequence data, prioritizing recent information to better capture the time-series characteristics of gas readings. Coupled with the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model, AN demonstrates superior forecasting performance compared to other standardization techniques. Next, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is used for feature extraction, guiding the selection of the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) order. Minimal decomposition errors validate the efficacy of this approach. Furthermore, enhancements to the transformer framework are made to manage non-linearities, overcome gradient vanishing, and effectively analyze long time-series sequences. To boost versatility across different mining scenarios, the Optuna framework facilitates multiparameter optimization, with xgbRegressor employed for accurate error assessment. Predictive outputs are benchmarked against Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), GRU, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), where the hybrid model achieves an R-squared value of 0.980975 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.000149, highlighting its top performance. To cope with data scarcity, bootstrapping is applied to estimate the confidence intervals of the hybrid model. Dimensional analysis aids in creating real-time, relative gas emission metrics, while persistent anomaly detection monitors sudden time-series spikes, enabling unsupervised early alerts for gas bursts. This model demonstrates strong predictive prowess and effective pre-warning capabilities, offering technological reinforcement for advancing intelligent coal mine operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 955 KiB  
Article
Schnider and Eleveld Models for Propofol Target-Controlled Infusion Anesthesia: A Clinical Comparison
by Federico Linassi, Paolo Zanatta, Leonardo Spano, Paolo Burelli, Antonio Farnia and Michele Carron
Life 2023, 13(10), 2065; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13102065 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6794
Abstract
Background: Various pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models have been developed to accurately dose propofol administration during total intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled infusion (TIVA-TCI). We aim to clinically compare the performance of the Schnider model and the new and general-purpose Eleveld PK/PD model during TIVA-TCI. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Various pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models have been developed to accurately dose propofol administration during total intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled infusion (TIVA-TCI). We aim to clinically compare the performance of the Schnider model and the new and general-purpose Eleveld PK/PD model during TIVA-TCI. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at a single center, enrolling 78 female patients, including 37 adults (aged < 65 years) and 41 elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years). These patients underwent breast surgery with propofol-remifentanil TIVA-TCI guided by the bispectral index (BIS) for depth of anesthesia monitoring (target value 40–60) and the surgical plethysmographic index (SPI) for antinociception monitoring (target value 20–50) without neuromuscular blockade. The concentration at the effect site of propofol (CeP) at loss of responsiveness (LoR) during anesthesia maintenance (MA) and at return of responsiveness (RoR), the duration of surgery and anesthesia (min), the time to RoR (min), the propofol total dose (mg), the deepening of anesthesia events (DAEs), burst suppression events (BSEs), light anesthesia events (LAEs) and unwanted spontaneous responsiveness events (USREs) were considered to compare the two PK/PD models. Results: Patients undergoing BIS-SPI-guided TIVA-TCI with the Eleveld PK/PD model showed a lower CeP at LoR (1.7 (1.36–2.25) vs. 3.60 (3.00–4.18) μg/mL, p < 0.001), higher CePMA (2.80 (2.55–3.40) vs. 2.30 (1.80–2.50) μg/mL, p < 0.001) and at RoR (1.48 (1.08–1.80) vs. 0.64 (0.55–0.81) μg/mL, p < 0.001) than with the Schnider PK/PD model. Anesthetic hysteresis was observed only in the Schnider PK/PD model group (p < 0.001). DAEs (69.2% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.001) and BSEs (28.2% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.013) were more frequent with the Eleveld PK/PD model than with the Schnider PK/PD model in the general patient population. DAEs (63.2% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.030) and BSEs (31.6% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.036) were more frequent with the Eleveld PK/PD model than with the Schnider PK/PD model in the elderly. Conclusions: The Schnider and Eleveld PK/PD models impact CePs differently. A greater incidence of DAEs and BSEs in the elderly suggests more attention is necessary in this group of patients undergoing BIS-SPI-guided TIVA-TCI with the Eleveld PK/PD than with the Schnider model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3305 KiB  
Article
Nitrile-Specific Protein NSP2 and Its Interacting Protein MPK3 Synergistically Regulate Plant Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis
by Tingting Zhai, Jun Teng, Xintong Fan, Shaowei Yu, Chen Wang, Xingqi Guo, Wei Yang and Shuxin Zhang
Plants 2023, 12(15), 2857; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12152857 - 3 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1499
Abstract
Glucosinolates and their degradation products have a wide range of actions and are important components of plant defense. NSP2 (nitrile-specific protein 2) is a key regulator in the breakdown process of glucosinolates. However, the precise function of NSP2 in plant disease resistance beyond [...] Read more.
Glucosinolates and their degradation products have a wide range of actions and are important components of plant defense. NSP2 (nitrile-specific protein 2) is a key regulator in the breakdown process of glucosinolates. However, the precise function of NSP2 in plant disease resistance beyond its role in glucosinolate degradation is still unclear. In this study, we discovered that NSP2 which was induced by Pst DC3000, influenced PR genes expression and reactive oxygen burst. Additionally, omics analysis revealed that NSP2 was engaged in plant-pathogen interaction and several hormone signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (IP-MS), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that NSP2 interacts with MPK3. Genetic analysis shows that NSP2 may be a function downstream of MPK3. Upon pathogen inoculation, NSP2 protein levels increase while MPK3 protein levels decrease. Moreover, the level of phosphorylated NSP2 decreases. Taken together, this study sheds light on a new mode of synergistic action between NSP2 and MPK3 in the disease resistance process. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 10274 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of BMP-2 and PDGF-BB Adsorption onto a Collagen/Collagen-Magnesium-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold in Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Osteochondral Defect Bone Repair: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation
by Jietao Xu, Shorouk Fahmy-Garcia, Marinus A. Wesdorp, Nicole Kops, Lucia Forte, Claudio De Luca, Massimiliano Maraglino Misciagna, Laura Dolcini, Giuseppe Filardo, Margot Labberté, Karin Vancíková, Joeri Kok, Bert van Rietbergen, Joachim Nickel, Eric Farrell, Pieter A. J. Brama and Gerjo J. V. M. van Osch
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(2), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14020111 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3653
Abstract
Despite promising clinical results in osteochondral defect repair, a recently developed bi-layered collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite scaffold has demonstrated less optimal subchondral bone repair. This study aimed to improve the bone repair potential of this scaffold by adsorbing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and/or platelet-derived growth [...] Read more.
Despite promising clinical results in osteochondral defect repair, a recently developed bi-layered collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite scaffold has demonstrated less optimal subchondral bone repair. This study aimed to improve the bone repair potential of this scaffold by adsorbing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and/or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) onto said scaffold. The in vitro release kinetics of BMP-2/PDGF-BB demonstrated that PDGF-BB was burst released from the collagen-only layer, whereas BMP-2 was largely retained in both layers. Cell ingrowth was enhanced by BMP-2/PDFG-BB in a bovine osteochondral defect ex vivo model. In an in vivo semi-orthotopic athymic mouse model, adding BMP-2 or PDGF-BB increased tissue repair after four weeks. After eight weeks, most defects were filled with bone tissue. To further investigate the promising effect of BMP-2, a caprine bilateral stifle osteochondral defect model was used where defects were created in weight-bearing femoral condyle and non-weight-bearing trochlear groove locations. After six months, the adsorption of BMP-2 resulted in significantly less bone repair compared with scaffold-only in the femoral condyle defects and a trend to more bone repair in the trochlear groove. Overall, the adsorption of BMP-2 onto a Col/Col-Mg-HAp scaffold reduced bone formation in weight-bearing osteochondral defects, but not in non-weight-bearing osteochondral defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women in Science: Functional Biomaterials)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 3410 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the In Vitro Drug Release Methods for the Selection of Test Conditions to Characterize Solid Lipid Microparticles
by Eliza Wolska and Martyna Szymańska
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(2), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020511 - 3 Feb 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6945
Abstract
The release profiles of active substances from microspheres are one of the most important features in solid lipid microparticles (SLM) characterization. Unfortunately, the results of the dissolution tests are largely dependent on the chosen method and test conditions, which in relation to novel [...] Read more.
The release profiles of active substances from microspheres are one of the most important features in solid lipid microparticles (SLM) characterization. Unfortunately, the results of the dissolution tests are largely dependent on the chosen method and test conditions, which in relation to novel dosage forms, such as dispersions of lipid microspheres, are not clearly defined in international compendiums and guidelines. This makes it impossible to compare the results of different studies. The aim of the research was to identify the factors most influencing the variability of the obtained results. An attempt was also made to select the most appropriate method for testing drug substance release from SLM. Various dissolution methods were employed (method I: without a membrane, method II: in a dialysis bag, and method III: in a Side-Bi-Side chamber), and the obtained release profiles of cyclosporine and indomethacin from SLM dispersions were compared. In addition to the effect of membranes, the types of acceptor fluids were also investigated. Significant differences were observed when testing the SLM formulations under various test conditions. The results were significantly influenced by the selected membrane, the acceptor fluid, or the difference in the concentrations of active substance between the donor and acceptor compartments. The burst effect observed in some experimental methods was not noticed in other conditions. At this stage, the method with a dialysis bag has been selected as the most suitable, while the methods without the membrane can only play a complementary role. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmaceutical Technology, Manufacturing and Devices)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 3980 KiB  
Article
Blind Detection of Broadband Signal Based on Weighted Bi-Directional Feature Pyramid Network
by Shirong Guo, Jielin Yao, Pingfan Wu, Jianjie Yang, Wenhao Wu and Zhijian Lin
Sensors 2023, 23(3), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031525 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2943
Abstract
With the development of wireless technology, signals propagating in space are easy to mix, so blind detection of communication signals has become a very practical and challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a blind detection method for broadband signals based on a [...] Read more.
With the development of wireless technology, signals propagating in space are easy to mix, so blind detection of communication signals has become a very practical and challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a blind detection method for broadband signals based on a weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network (BiFPN). The method can quickly perform detection and automatic modulation identification (AMC) on time-domain aliased signals in broadband data. Firstly, the method performs a time-frequency analysis on the received signals and extracts the normalized time-frequency images and the corresponding labels by short-time Fourier transform (STFT). Secondly, we build a target detection model based on YOLOv5 for time-domain mixed signals in broadband data and learn the features of the time-frequency distribution image dataset of broadband signals, which achieves the purpose of training the model. The main improvements of the algorithm are as follows: (1) a weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network is used to achieve a simple and fast multi-scale feature fusion approach to improve the detection probability; (2) the Efficient-Intersection over Union (EIOU) loss function is introduced to achieve high accuracy signal detection in a low Signal-Noise Ratio (SNR) environment. Finally, the time-frequency images are detected by an improved deep network model to complete the blind detection of time-domain mixed signals. The simulation results show that the method can effectively detect the continuous and burst signals in the broadband communication signal data and identify their modulation types. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3405 KiB  
Article
A BiLSTM-Based DDoS Attack Detection Method for Edge Computing
by Yiying Zhang, Yiyang Liu, Xiaoyan Guo, Zhu Liu, Xiankun Zhang and Kun Liang
Energies 2022, 15(21), 7882; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217882 - 24 Oct 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3283
Abstract
With the rapid development of smart grids, the number of various types of power IoT terminal devices has grown by leaps and bounds. An attack on either of the difficult-to-protect end devices or any node in a large and complex network can put [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of smart grids, the number of various types of power IoT terminal devices has grown by leaps and bounds. An attack on either of the difficult-to-protect end devices or any node in a large and complex network can put the grid at risk. The traffic generated by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is characterised by short bursts of time, making it difficult to apply existing centralised detection methods that rely on manual setting of attack characteristics to changing attack scenarios. In this paper, a DDoS attack detection model based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) is proposed by constructing an edge detection framework, which achieves bi-directional contextual information extraction of the network environment using the BiLSTM network and automatically learns the temporal characteristics of the attack traffic in the original data traffic. This paper takes the DDoS attack in the power Internet of Things as the research object. Simulation results show that the model outperforms traditional advanced models such as Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) in terms of accuracy, false detection rate, and time delay. It plays an auxiliary role in the security protection of the power Internet of Things and effectively improves the reliability of the power grid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic IOT, Communication and Engineering)
Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 7556 KiB  
Article
Using Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres to Impart Anti-Bacterial Properties to Dental Composites
by Arooj Munir, Danijela Marovic, Liebert Parreiras Nogueira, Roger Simm, Ali-Oddin Naemi, Sander Marius Landrø, Magnus Helgerud, Kai Zheng, Matej Par, Tobias T. Tauböck, Thomas Attin, Zrinka Tarle, Aldo R. Boccaccini and Håvard J. Haugen
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(10), 2241; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102241 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5332
Abstract
Experimental dental resin composites containing copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) were developed to impart anti-bacterial properties. Increasing amounts of Cu-MBGN (0, 1, 5 and 10 wt%) were added to the BisGMA/TEGDMA resin matrix containing micro- and nano-fillers of inert glass, keeping the [...] Read more.
Experimental dental resin composites containing copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) were developed to impart anti-bacterial properties. Increasing amounts of Cu-MBGN (0, 1, 5 and 10 wt%) were added to the BisGMA/TEGDMA resin matrix containing micro- and nano-fillers of inert glass, keeping the resin/filler ratio constant. Surface micromorphology and elemental analysis were performed to evaluate the homogeneous distribution of filler particles. The study investigated the effects of Cu-MBGN on the degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, porosity, ion release and anti-bacterial activity on S. mutans and A. naeslundii. Experimental materials containing Cu-MBGN showed a dose-dependent Cu release with an initial burst and a further increase after 28 days. The composite containing 10% Cu-MBGN had the best anti-bacterial effect on S. mutans, as evidenced by the lowest adherence of free-floating bacteria and biofilm formation. In contrast, the 45S5-containing materials had the highest S. mutans adherence. Ca release was highest in the bioactive control containing 15% 45S5, which correlated with the highest number of open porosities on the surface. Polymerization shrinkage was similar for all tested materials, ranging from 3.8 to 4.2%, while the degree of conversion was lower for Cu-MBGN materials. Cu-MBGN composites showed better anti-bacterial properties than composites with 45S5 BG. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 13509 KiB  
Review
Big Data and Predictive Analytics for Business Intelligence: A Bibliographic Study (2000–2021)
by Yili Chen, Congdong Li and Han Wang
Forecasting 2022, 4(4), 767-786; https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast4040042 - 23 Sep 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 18112
Abstract
Big data technology and predictive analytics exhibit advanced potential for business intelligence (BI), especially for decision-making. This study aimed to explore current research studies, historic developing trends, and the future direction. A bibliographic study based on CiteSpace is implemented in this paper, 681 [...] Read more.
Big data technology and predictive analytics exhibit advanced potential for business intelligence (BI), especially for decision-making. This study aimed to explore current research studies, historic developing trends, and the future direction. A bibliographic study based on CiteSpace is implemented in this paper, 681 non-duplicate publications are retrieved from databases of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus from 2000 to 2021. The countries, institutions, cited authors, cited journals, and cited references with the most academic contributions were identified. Social networks and collaborations between countries, institutions, and scholars are explored. The cross degree of disciplinaries is measured. The hotspot distribution and burst keyword historic trend are explored, where research methods, BI-based applications, and challenges are separately discussed. Reasons for hotspots bursting in 2021 are explored. Finally, the research direction is predicted, and the advice is delivered to future researchers. Findings show that big data and AI-based methods for BI are one of the most popular research topics in the next few years, especially when it applies to topics of COVID-19, healthcare, hospitality, and 5G. Thus, this study contributes reference value for future research, especially for direct selection and method application. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4121 KiB  
Article
Paclobutrazol Ameliorates Low-Light-Induced Damage by Improving Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Defense System, and Regulating Hormone Levels in Tall Fescue
by Bowen Liu, Si Long, Kening Liu, Tianqi Zhu, Jiongjiong Gong, Shuanghong Gao, Ruijia Wang, Liyun Zhang, Tieyuan Liu and Yuefei Xu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9966; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179966 - 1 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3044
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant-growth regulator (PGR) in the triazole family that enhances plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Low-light (LL) intensity is a critical factor adversely affecting the growth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Therefore, in this study, tall fescue seedlings [...] Read more.
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant-growth regulator (PGR) in the triazole family that enhances plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Low-light (LL) intensity is a critical factor adversely affecting the growth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Therefore, in this study, tall fescue seedlings were treated with PBZ under control and LL conditions to investigate the effects of PBZ on enhancing LL stress resistance by regulating the growth, photosynthesis, oxidative defense, and hormone levels. Our results reveal that LL stress reduced the total biomass, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic capacity, and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) but increased the membrane lipid peroxidation level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the application of PBZ increased the photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) activity, and starch content. In addition, PBZ treatment activated the antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidants contents, ascorbate acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, and related gene expression, lessening the ROS burst (H2O2 and O2). However, the gibberellic acid (GA) anabolism was remarkably decreased by PBZ treatment under LL stress, downregulating the transcript levels of kaurene oxidase (KO), kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), and GA 20-oxidases (GA20ox). At the same time, PBZ treatment up-regulated 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene expression, significantly increasing the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) concentration under LL stress. Thus, our study revealed that PBZ improves the antioxidation and photosynthetic capacity, meanwhile increasing the ABA concentration and decreasing GA concentration, which ultimately enhances the LL stress tolerance in tall fescue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Response to Environmental Stress in Plants)
Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3644 KiB  
Article
Receptor for Activated C Kinase1B (OsRACK1B) Impairs Fertility in Rice through NADPH-Dependent H2O2 Signaling Pathway
by Md Ahasanur Rahman, Herman Fennell and Hemayet Ullah
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8455; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158455 - 30 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3878
Abstract
The scaffold protein receptor for Activated C Kinase1 (RACK1) regulates multiple aspects of plants, including seed germination, growth, environmental stress responses, and flowering. Recent studies have revealed that RACK1 is associated with NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in plants. ROS, as a [...] Read more.
The scaffold protein receptor for Activated C Kinase1 (RACK1) regulates multiple aspects of plants, including seed germination, growth, environmental stress responses, and flowering. Recent studies have revealed that RACK1 is associated with NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in plants. ROS, as a double-edged sword, can modulate several developmental pathways in plants. Thus, the resulting physiological consequences of perturbing the RACK1 expression-induced ROS balance remain to be explored. Herein, we combined molecular, pharmacological, and ultrastructure analysis approaches to investigate the hypothesized connection using T-DNA-mediated activation-tagged RACK1B overexpressed (OX) transgenic rice plants. In this study, we find that OsRACK1B-OX plants display reduced pollen viability, defective anther dehiscence, and abnormal spikelet morphology, leading to partial spikelet sterility. Microscopic observation of the mature pollen grains from the OX plants revealed abnormalities in the exine and intine structures and decreased starch granules in the pollen, resulting in a reduced number of grains per locule from the OX rice plants as compared to that of the wild-type (WT). Histochemical staining revealed a global increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the leaves and roots of the transgenic lines overexpressing OsRACK1B compared to that of the WT. However, the elevated H2O2 in tissues from the OX plants can be reversed by pre-treatment with diphenylidonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, indicating that the source of H2O2 could be, in part, NADPH oxidase. Expression analysis showed a differential expression of the NADPH/respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RbohD) and antioxidant enzyme-related genes, suggesting a homeostatic mechanism of H2O2 production and antioxidant enzyme activity. BiFC analysis demonstrated that OsRACK1B interacts with the N-terminal region of RbohD in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that elevated OsRACK1B accumulates a threshold level of ROS, in this case H2O2, which negatively regulates pollen development and fertility. In conclusion, we hypothesized that an optimal expression of RACK1 is critical for fertility in rice plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ROS Regulation during Plant Abiotic Stress Responses)
Show Figures

Figure 1

34 pages, 18408 KiB  
Article
Effects of Axonal Demyelination, Inflammatory Cytokines and Divalent Cation Chelators on Thalamic HCN Channels and Oscillatory Bursting
by Tengiz Oniani, Laura Vinnenberg, Rahul Chaudhary, Julian A. Schreiber, Kathrin Riske, Brandon Williams, Hans-Christian Pape, John A. White, Anna Junker, Guiscard Seebohm, Sven G. Meuth, Petra Hundehege, Thomas Budde and Mehrnoush Zobeiri
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(11), 6285; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116285 - 3 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4621
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by the progressive loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin and is associated with thalamic dysfunction. Cuprizone (CPZ)-induced general demyelination in rodents is a valuable model for studying different aspects [...] Read more.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by the progressive loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin and is associated with thalamic dysfunction. Cuprizone (CPZ)-induced general demyelination in rodents is a valuable model for studying different aspects of MS pathology. CPZ feeding is associated with the altered distribution and expression of different ion channels along neuronal somata and axons. However, it is largely unknown whether the copper chelator CPZ directly influences ion channels. Therefore, we assessed the effects of different divalent cations (copper; zinc) and trace metal chelators (EDTA; Tricine; the water-soluble derivative of CPZ, BiMPi) on hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels that are major mediators of thalamic function and pathology. In addition, alterations of HCN channels induced by CPZ treatment and MS-related proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β; IL-6; INF-α; INF-β) were characterized in C57Bl/6J mice. Thus, the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (Ih) was recorded in thalamocortical (TC) neurons and heterologous expression systems (mHCN2 expressing HEK cells; hHCN4 expressing oocytes). A number of electrophysiological characteristics of Ih (potential of half-maximal activation (V0.5); current density; activation kinetics) were unchanged following the extracellular application of trace metals and divalent cation chelators to native neurons, cell cultures or oocytes. Mice were fed a diet containing 0.2% CPZ for 35 days, resulting in general demyelination in the brain. Withdrawal of CPZ from the diet resulted in rapid remyelination, the effects of which were assessed at three time points after stopping CPZ feeding (Day1, Day7, Day25). In TC neurons, Ih was decreased on Day1 and Day25 and revealed a transient increased availability on Day7. In addition, we challenged naive TC neurons with INF-α and IL-1β. It was found that Ih parameters were differentially altered by the application of the two cytokines to thalamic cells, while IL-1β increased the availability of HCN channels (depolarized V0.5; increased current density) and the excitability of TC neurons (depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP); increased the number of action potentials (APs); produced a larger voltage sag; promoted higher input resistance; increased the number of burst spikes; hyperpolarized the AP threshold), INF-α mediated contrary effects. The effect of cytokine modulation on thalamic bursting was further assessed in horizontal slices and a computational model of slow thalamic oscillations. Here, IL-1β and INF-α increased and reduced oscillatory bursting, respectively. We conclude that HCN channels are not directly modulated by trace metals and divalent cation chelators but are subject to modulation by different MS-related cytokines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection State-of-the-Art Molecular Neurobiology in Germany)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop