Using Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres to Impart Anti-Bacterial Properties to Dental Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Binary filler blend consisting of Ba-glass microfillers as a base and 10 wt% of either Cu-MBGN, silica nanofillers, or 45S5 BG with a total filler amount of 65 wt%.
- Ternary filler blend consisting of Ba-glass microfillers as a base and a combination of 1, 5 or 10 wt% Cu-MBGN with silica filler up to 15 wt%, making a total filler amount of 70 wt%. As a bioactive control, 15 wt% 45S5 was added to the Ba-glass microfillers (15-BG) and as an inert control, 15 wt% silica fillers were added to the filler base of Ba-glass microfillers.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Light Curing
2.3. Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) Imaging and Polymerization Shrinkage Analysis
2.4. Degree of Conversion
2.5. Nano-CT Imaging and Porosity Analysis
2.6. Ion Release Profile
2.7. Surface Morphology and Particle Distribution of Fillers with SEM and EDX
2.8. Biofilm Formation and Anti-Bacterial Activity
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization with SEM-EDX
3.2. Polymerization Shrinkage using Micro-CT and Nano-CT
3.3. Porosity by Nano-CT
3.4. Degree of Conversion
3.5. Ion Release Profile with ICP-MS
3.6. Anti-Bacterial Effect and Biofilm Formation on the Surface of the Composite Specimens
4. Discussion
4.1. Binary Filler Group
4.2. Ternary Filler Group
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Material | Resin | Ba Glass Microfillers | Cu-MBGN | Silica Nanofillers | 45S5 BG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Binary filler group (65% filler load) | 10-CuBG | 35% | 55% | 10% | - | - |
10-BG | - | - | 10% | |||
10-Si | - | 10% | - | |||
Ternary filler group (70% filler load) | 1-CuBG-Si | 30% | 55% | 1% | 14% | - |
5-CuBG-Si | 5% | 10% | - | |||
10-CuBG-Si | 10% | 5% | - | |||
15-BG | - | - | 15% | |||
15-Si | - | 15% | - |
Name | Type | Manufacturer/ Product | Composition (wt%) | Size (d50) | Silanization |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu-MBGN | Experimental/Bioactive | Produced in-house [31] | SiO2 84.8% CaO 9.4% CuO 5.8% * | ~100 nm | No |
45S5 BG | Commercial/Bioactive | Schott, Mainz, Germany G018-144 | SiO2 45% Na2O 24.5% CaO 24.5% P2O5 6% | 4.0 μm ** | No |
Ba glass microfillers | Commercial/Inert | Schott, Mainz, Germany GM27884 | SiO2 55.0% BaO 25.0% B2O3 10.0% Al2O3 10.0% | 1.0 μm ** | Yes *** 3.20% |
Silica nanofillers | Commercial/Inert | Evonik Degussa, Hanau, Germany Aerosil DT | SiO2 > 99.8% | 12 nm | Yes *** 4–6% |
B (µg/L) | Ca (µg/L) | Cu (µg/L) |
---|---|---|
150 ± 3 | 31,000 ± 310 | 20.0 ± 0.2 |
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Munir, A.; Marovic, D.; Nogueira, L.P.; Simm, R.; Naemi, A.-O.; Landrø, S.M.; Helgerud, M.; Zheng, K.; Par, M.; Tauböck, T.T.; et al. Using Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres to Impart Anti-Bacterial Properties to Dental Composites. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 2241. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102241
Munir A, Marovic D, Nogueira LP, Simm R, Naemi A-O, Landrø SM, Helgerud M, Zheng K, Par M, Tauböck TT, et al. Using Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres to Impart Anti-Bacterial Properties to Dental Composites. Pharmaceutics. 2022; 14(10):2241. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102241
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunir, Arooj, Danijela Marovic, Liebert Parreiras Nogueira, Roger Simm, Ali-Oddin Naemi, Sander Marius Landrø, Magnus Helgerud, Kai Zheng, Matej Par, Tobias T. Tauböck, and et al. 2022. "Using Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres to Impart Anti-Bacterial Properties to Dental Composites" Pharmaceutics 14, no. 10: 2241. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102241
APA StyleMunir, A., Marovic, D., Nogueira, L. P., Simm, R., Naemi, A. -O., Landrø, S. M., Helgerud, M., Zheng, K., Par, M., Tauböck, T. T., Attin, T., Tarle, Z., Boccaccini, A. R., & Haugen, H. J. (2022). Using Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres to Impart Anti-Bacterial Properties to Dental Composites. Pharmaceutics, 14(10), 2241. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102241