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Keywords = aplanatic lens

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10 pages, 4468 KiB  
Article
Aberration Theory of a Flat, Aplanatic Metalens Doublet and the Design of a Meta-Microscope Objective Lens
by Woojun Han, Jinsoo Jeong, Jaisoon Kim and Sun-Je Kim
Sensors 2023, 23(22), 9273; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229273 - 19 Nov 2023
Viewed by 2111
Abstract
A theoretical approach for reducing multiple monochromatic aberrations using a flat metalens doublet is proposed and verified through ray tracing simulations. The theoretical relation between the Abbe sine condition and the generalized Snell’s law is revealed in the doublet system. Starting from the [...] Read more.
A theoretical approach for reducing multiple monochromatic aberrations using a flat metalens doublet is proposed and verified through ray tracing simulations. The theoretical relation between the Abbe sine condition and the generalized Snell’s law is revealed in the doublet system. Starting from the Abbe aplanat design, minimization conditions of astigmatism and field curvature are derived. Based on the theory, a metalens doublet is semi-analytically optimized as a compact, practical-level meta-microscope objective lens working for a target wavelength. The proposed approach also reveals how to reduce lateral chromatism for an additional wavelength. The design degree of freedom and fundamental limits of the system are both rigorously analyzed in theory and verified through ray tracing simulations. It is expected that the proposed method will provide unprecedented practical opportunities for the design of advanced compact microscopic imaging or sensing systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Optical Sensors)
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12 pages, 8994 KiB  
Article
Flat-Top Focal Spot and Polarization Conversion Obtained in Tightly Focused Circularly Polarized Light
by Sergey S. Stafeev, Vladislav D. Zaitsev and Victor V. Kotlyar
Photonics 2023, 10(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010032 - 28 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2021
Abstract
In this paper, using the Richards–Wolf equations, the focusing of circularly polarized light with flat diffractive lenses is considered. It is shown that, as the numerical aperture (NA) of the lens increases, the size of the focal spot first decreases and then begins [...] Read more.
In this paper, using the Richards–Wolf equations, the focusing of circularly polarized light with flat diffractive lenses is considered. It is shown that, as the numerical aperture (NA) of the lens increases, the size of the focal spot first decreases and then begins to grow. The minimum focal spot is observed at NA = 0.96 (FWHM = 0.55 λ). With a further increase in the numerical aperture of the lens, the growth of the longitudinal component leads to an increase in the size of the focal spot. When a flat diffractive lens is replaced by an aplanatic lens, the size of the focal spot decreases monotonically as the numerical aperture of the lens increases. In this case, the minimum focal spot will be FWHM = 0.58 λ and, with a larger numerical aperture, NA = 0.99. We also reveal that, at the focus of a circularly polarized laser beam, different radius circles are observed to be centered on the optical axis, where polarization vectors rotate oppositely (clockwise and anticlockwise). This phenomenon of radius-dependent ‘spin’ separation may be interpreted as a manifestation of the radial spin Hall effect at the focus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light Focusing and Optical Vortices)
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