Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Saved Queries

Sign in to use this feature.

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Subjects Reset
Select Subjects

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Journals Reset
Select Journals

Article Types

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Article Types Reset
Select Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Countries / Regions Reset
Select Countries / Regions
Update Search
share announcement

Search Results (5)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = acyl-editing mechanism

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
18 pages, 1657 KiB  
Article
Fatty Acid Production and Direct Acyl Transfer through Polar Lipids Control TAG Biosynthesis during Nitrogen Deprivation in the Halotolerant Alga Dunaliella tertiolecta
by Omri Avidan, Sergey Malitsky and Uri Pick
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(7), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19070368 - 25 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3396
Abstract
The aims of this work were to evaluate the contribution of the free fatty acid (FA) pool to triacylglyceride (TAG) biosynthesis and to try to characterize the mechanism by which FA are assimilated into TAG in the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. A [...] Read more.
The aims of this work were to evaluate the contribution of the free fatty acid (FA) pool to triacylglyceride (TAG) biosynthesis and to try to characterize the mechanism by which FA are assimilated into TAG in the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. A time-resolved lipidomic analysis showed that nitrogen (N) deprivation induces a redistribution of total lipidome, particularly of free FA and major polar lipid (PL), in parallel to enhanced accumulation of polyunsaturated TAG. The steady-state concentration of the FA pool, measured by prolonged 14C-bicarbonate pre-labeling, showed that N deprivation induced a 50% decrease in total FA level within the first 24 h and up to 85% after 96 h. The abundance of oleic acid increased from 50 to 70% of total free FA while polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) disappeared under N deprivation. The FA flux, measured by the rate of incorporation of 14C-palmitic acid (PlA), suggests partial suppression of phosphatidylcholine (PC) acyl editing and an enhanced turnover of the FA pool and of total digalactosyl-diacylglycerol (DGDG) during N deprivation. Taken together, these results imply that FA biosynthesis is a major rate-controlling stage in TAG biosynthesis in D. tertiolecta and that acyl transfer through PL such as PC and DGDG is the major FA assimilation pathway into TAG in that alga and possibly in other green microalgae. Increasing the availability of FA could lead to enhanced TAG biosynthesis and to improved production of high-value products from microalgae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in the Development of Synthetic or Biosynthetic Studies on Marine Drugs)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 5252 KiB  
Review
Anthocyanin Pigments: Beyond Aesthetics
by Bindhu Alappat and Jayaraj Alappat
Molecules 2020, 25(23), 5500; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235500 - 24 Nov 2020
Cited by 271 | Viewed by 27375
Abstract
Anthocyanins are polyphenol compounds that render various hues of pink, red, purple, and blue in flowers, vegetables, and fruits. Anthocyanins also play significant roles in plant propagation, ecophysiology, and plant defense mechanisms. Structurally, anthocyanins are anthocyanidins modified by sugars and acyl acids. Anthocyanin [...] Read more.
Anthocyanins are polyphenol compounds that render various hues of pink, red, purple, and blue in flowers, vegetables, and fruits. Anthocyanins also play significant roles in plant propagation, ecophysiology, and plant defense mechanisms. Structurally, anthocyanins are anthocyanidins modified by sugars and acyl acids. Anthocyanin colors are susceptible to pH, light, temperatures, and metal ions. The stability of anthocyanins is controlled by various factors, including inter and intramolecular complexations. Chromatographic and spectrometric methods have been extensively used for the extraction, isolation, and identification of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins play a major role in the pharmaceutical; nutraceutical; and food coloring, flavoring, and preserving industries. Research in these areas has not satisfied the urge for natural and sustainable colors and supplemental products. The lability of anthocyanins under various formulated conditions is the primary reason for this delay. New gene editing technologies to modify anthocyanin structures in vivo and the structural modification of anthocyanin via semi-synthetic methods offer new opportunities in this area. This review focusses on the biogenetics of anthocyanins; their colors, structural modifications, and stability; their various applications in human health and welfare; and advances in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anthocyanins: The Infinite Properties of These Incredible Compounds)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 7129 KiB  
Article
Study of Synthesis Pathways of the Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid 20:5n-3 in the Diatom Chaetoceros Muelleri Using 13C-Isotope Labeling
by Marine Remize, Frédéric Planchon, Ai Ning Loh, Fabienne Le Grand, Antoine Bideau, Nelly Le Goic, Elodie Fleury, Philippe Miner, Rudolph Corvaisier, Aswani Volety and Philippe Soudant
Biomolecules 2020, 10(5), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050797 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4799
Abstract
The present study sought to characterize the synthesis pathways producing the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 20:5n-3 (EPA). For this, the incorporation of 13C was experimentally monitored into 10 fatty acids (FA) during the growth of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri for 24 [...] Read more.
The present study sought to characterize the synthesis pathways producing the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 20:5n-3 (EPA). For this, the incorporation of 13C was experimentally monitored into 10 fatty acids (FA) during the growth of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri for 24 h. Chaetoceros muelleri preferentially and quickly incorporated 13C into C18 PUFAs such as 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 as well as 16:0 and 16:1n-7, which were thus highly 13C-enriched. During the experiment, 20:5n-3 and 16:3n-4 were among the least-enriched fatty acids. The calculation of the enrichment percentage ratio of a fatty acid B over its suspected precursor A allowed us to suggest that the diatom produced 20:5n-3 (EPA) by a combination between the n-3 (via 18:4n-3) and n-6 (via 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6) synthesis pathways as well as the alternative ω-3 desaturase pathway (via 20:4n-6). In addition, as FA from polar lipids were generally more enriched in 13C than FA from neutral lipids, particularly for 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6, the existence of acyl-editing mechanisms and connectivity between polar and neutral lipid fatty acid pools were also hypothesized. Because 16:3n-4 and 20:5n-3 presented the same concentration and enrichment dynamics, a structural and metabolic link was proposed between these two PUFAs in C. muelleri. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipids of Marine Algae)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 2748 KiB  
Article
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals an Efficient Mechanism for α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis in Tree Peony Seeds
by Qingyu Zhang, Rui Yu, Daoyang Sun, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Lihang Xie, Jiayuan Hu, Lixia He, Aruna Kilaru, Lixin Niu and Yanlong Zhang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010065 - 24 Dec 2018
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 5238
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) species are woody oil crops with high unsaturated fatty acid content, including α-linolenic acid (ALA/18:3; >40% of the total fatty acid). Comparative transcriptome analyses were carried out to uncover the underlying mechanisms responsible for high and [...] Read more.
Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) species are woody oil crops with high unsaturated fatty acid content, including α-linolenic acid (ALA/18:3; >40% of the total fatty acid). Comparative transcriptome analyses were carried out to uncover the underlying mechanisms responsible for high and low ALA content in the developing seeds of P. rockii and P. lutea, respectively. Expression analysis of acyl lipid metabolism genes revealed upregulation of select genes involved in plastidial fatty acid synthesis, acyl editing, desaturation, and triacylglycerol assembly in seeds of P. rockii relative to P. lutea. Also, in association with ALA content in seeds, transcript levels for fatty acid desaturases (SAD, FAD2, and FAD3), which encode enzymes necessary for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis, were higher in P. rockii compared to P. lutea. Furthermore, the overexpression of PrFAD2 and PrFAD3 in Arabidopsis increased linoleic and ALA content, respectively, and modulated the final ratio 18:2/18:3 in the seed oil. In conclusion, we identified the key steps and validated the necessary desaturases that contribute to efficient ALA synthesis in a woody oil crop. Together, these results will aid to increase essential fatty acid content in seeds of tree peonies and other crops of agronomic interest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 3071 KiB  
Article
Role of Intracellular Lipid Logistics in the Preferential Usage of Very Long Chain-Ceramides in Glucosylceramide
by Toshiyuki Yamaji, Aya Horie, Yuriko Tachida, Chisato Sakuma, Yusuke Suzuki, Yasunori Kushi and Kentaro Hanada
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(10), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101761 - 21 Oct 2016
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5872
Abstract
Ceramide is a common precursor of sphingomyelin (SM) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in mammalian cells. Ceramide synthase 2 (CERS2), one of the six ceramide synthase isoforms, is responsible for the synthesis of very long chain fatty acid (C20–26 fatty acids) (VLC)-containing ceramides (VLC-Cer). It [...] Read more.
Ceramide is a common precursor of sphingomyelin (SM) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in mammalian cells. Ceramide synthase 2 (CERS2), one of the six ceramide synthase isoforms, is responsible for the synthesis of very long chain fatty acid (C20–26 fatty acids) (VLC)-containing ceramides (VLC-Cer). It is known that the proportion of VLC species in GSLs is higher than that in SM. To address the mechanism of the VLC-preference of GSLs, we used genome editing to establish three HeLa cell mutants that expressed different amounts of CERS2 and compared the acyl chain lengths of SM and GSLs by metabolic labeling experiments. VLC-sphingolipid expression was increased along with that of CERS2, and the proportion of VLC species in glucosylceramide (GlcCer) was higher than that in SM for all expression levels of CERS2. This higher proportion was still maintained even when the proportion of C16-Cer to the total ceramides was increased by disrupting the ceramide transport protein (CERT)-dependent C16-Cer delivery pathway for SM synthesis. On the other hand, merging the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by Brefeldin A decreased the proportion of VLC species in GlcCer probably due to higher accessibility of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) to C16-rich ceramides. These results suggest the existence of a yet-to-be-identified mechanism rendering VLC-Cer more accessible than C16-Cer to UGCG, which is independent of CERT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying article 1-50 on page 1 of 1.
Back to TopTop