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Keywords = TRANSPORTEC

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24 pages, 1970 KB  
Review
The Influence of Molecular Factors on the Effectiveness of New Therapies in Endometrial Cancer—Latest Evidence and Clinical Trials
by Wiktoria Mytych, Edyta Barnaś, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher and David Aebisher
Cancers 2026, 18(3), 356; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18030356 - 23 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1052
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries, with approximately 417,000 new cases reported worldwide in 2020. Its incidence has been rising for the past 30 years, primarily due to population aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes; obesity accounts [...] Read more.
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries, with approximately 417,000 new cases reported worldwide in 2020. Its incidence has been rising for the past 30 years, primarily due to population aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes; obesity accounts for almost half of cases due to excessive estrogen production. The classic division into types I and II was replaced in 2013 by the molecular TCGA classification, which distinguishes four subtypes: POLE-ultramutated (best prognosis), MSI-hypermutated, copy-number low, and copy-number high (worst prognosis). This classification (refined in ProMisE and TransPORTEC) enables precise treatment: immunotherapy (pembrolizumab, dostarlimab) works excellently in dMMR/MSI-H tumors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors and trastuzumab deruxtecan in selected molecular subtypes, and hormone therapy in ER-positive tumors. ctDNA monitoring supports therapeutic decisions. Integrating the molecular profile with FIGO allows for truly personalized treatment, although MMRp/MSS tumors remain a challenge. The future lies in multi-omics, new biomarkers, and combination therapies. Full article
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19 pages, 919 KB  
Review
Risk Stratification of Endometrial Cancer Patients: FIGO Stage, Biomarkers and Molecular Classification
by Jenneke C. Kasius, Johanna M. A. Pijnenborg, Kristina Lindemann, David Forsse, Judith van Zwol, Gunnar B. Kristensen, Camilla Krakstad, Henrica M. J. Werner and Frédéric Amant
Cancers 2021, 13(22), 5848; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225848 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 83 | Viewed by 21729
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in developed countries. The main challenge in EC management is to correctly estimate the risk of metastases at diagnosis and the risk to develop recurrences in the future. Risk stratification determines the need for [...] Read more.
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in developed countries. The main challenge in EC management is to correctly estimate the risk of metastases at diagnosis and the risk to develop recurrences in the future. Risk stratification determines the need for surgical staging and adjuvant treatment. Detection of occult, microscopic metastases upstages patients, provides important prognostic information and guides adjuvant treatment. The molecular classification subdivides EC into four prognostic subgroups: POLE ultramutated; mismatch repair deficient (MMRd); nonspecific molecular profile (NSMP); and TP53 mutated (p53abn). How surgical staging should be adjusted based on preoperative molecular profiling is currently unknown. Moreover, little is known whether and how other known prognostic biomarkers affect prognosis prediction independent of or in addition to these molecular subgroups. This review summarizes the factors incorporated in surgical staging (i.e., peritoneal washing, lymph node dissection, omentectomy and peritoneal biopsies), and its impact on prognosis and adjuvant treatment decisions in an era of molecular classification of EC. Moreover, the relation between FIGO stage and molecular classification is evaluated including the current gaps in knowledge and future perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Endometrial Cancer)
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