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Keywords = Scottish immigrants

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16 pages, 668 KiB  
Article
Latitude as a Factor Influencing Variability in Vegetational Development in Northeast England During the First (Preboreal) Holocene Millennium
by J. B. Innes and C. Orton
Quaternary 2025, 8(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/quat8010007 - 5 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1259
Abstract
In the North Atlantic region, the transition from the very cold Lateglacial Stadial (GS-1) to the temperate Holocene was abrupt, with a rapid increase in temperature of several degrees, after which the low-stature, cold-tolerant Stadial vegetation was replaced through the immigration and rapid [...] Read more.
In the North Atlantic region, the transition from the very cold Lateglacial Stadial (GS-1) to the temperate Holocene was abrupt, with a rapid increase in temperature of several degrees, after which the low-stature, cold-tolerant Stadial vegetation was replaced through the immigration and rapid succession of tall herb, heath, and shrub communities towards Betula woodland of varying density. In northeast England, pollen diagrams on a south to north transect between mid-Yorkshire and the Scottish border show that there was considerable variation in the rate at which postglacial woodland was established in the first Holocene millennium. In mid-Yorkshire’s Vale of York, the development of closed Betula woodland was swift, whereas in north Northumberland, near the Scottish border, Betula presence was low for the first several centuries of the Holocene, with open vegetation persisting and with shrub vegetation dominated mostly by Juniperus. Intermediate locations on the transect show there was a gradient in post-Stadial vegetation development in northeast England, with latitude as a major factor, as well as altitude. Transitional locations on the transect have been identified, where vegetation community change occurred. Vegetation development in the first Holocene millennium in northeast England was spatially complex and diverse, with the climatic effects of latitude the main controlling environmental variable. Full article
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12 pages, 1160 KiB  
Article
Patriarchs, Pipers and Presidents: Gaelic Immigrant Funerary Customs and Music in North America
by Barry Shears
Genealogy 2020, 4(2), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4020063 - 4 Jun 2020
Viewed by 4990
Abstract
One of the most moving tributes to the dead is the playing of the Highland bagpipes during funeral services, whether in the church or at the graveside. This custom has a long history both in Scotland and in areas of North America settled [...] Read more.
One of the most moving tributes to the dead is the playing of the Highland bagpipes during funeral services, whether in the church or at the graveside. This custom has a long history both in Scotland and in areas of North America settled by Scottish immigrants over the past 300 years, and for lovers of bagpipe music it is an essential part of the funeral ritual. Throughout its history the piper’s lament has transcended social class structure and has been performed for paupers and presidents alike. Despite being deeply rooted in tradition, the music and function of this musical practice have changed over time. Drawing from printed texts of the 19th and 20th centuries, recent scholarship and local folklore surrounding funeral customs and music, this paper examines the origins of the funeral piping tradition in Gaelic Scotland and its evolution in North American society. Full article
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14 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
Inscribing Ethnicity: A Preliminary Analysis of Gaelic Headstone Inscriptions in Eastern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton
by Laurie Stanley-Blackwell and Michael Linkletter
Genealogy 2018, 2(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy2030029 - 15 Aug 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 8389
Abstract
Focusing on the verbal rather than the visual elements of early and more modern headstones in eastern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, this essay will comment on a selection of Gaelic headstone inscriptions, highlighting such elements as word choice (whether secular or religious), [...] Read more.
Focusing on the verbal rather than the visual elements of early and more modern headstones in eastern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, this essay will comment on a selection of Gaelic headstone inscriptions, highlighting such elements as word choice (whether secular or religious), cemetery location, time period, and the deceased’s background. Despite the striking paucity of Gaelic examples, it is our objective to discuss why Gaelic had a limited presence in Nova Scotia’s pioneer Scottish immigrant cemeteries and to demonstrate how these cemeteries were contested sites, which mirrored ongoing tensions between assimilation and cultural retention. In sum, this article will assess the importance of cemeteries as material articulations of language use and language maintenance among Nova Scotia’s diasporic Scots, set against the wider background of their struggles, aspirations, and shared values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cemeteries and Churchyards)
15 pages, 1556 KiB  
Conference Report
Americans and Return Migrants in the 1881 Scottish Census
by Tahitia L. McCabe
Genealogy 2017, 1(3), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy1030016 - 15 Jul 2017
Viewed by 5661
Abstract
This article reveals basic demographic information on Americans and Scottish return migrant parents of the 1321 American children listed in the 1881 Scottish census and investigates reasons for return migration from America to Scotland. Census information was downloaded into an Excel spreadsheet and [...] Read more.
This article reveals basic demographic information on Americans and Scottish return migrant parents of the 1321 American children listed in the 1881 Scottish census and investigates reasons for return migration from America to Scotland. Census information was downloaded into an Excel spreadsheet and data including occupation, age, relation to head of household, place of residence and length of time back in Scotland, were counted and listed. General causes of return migration are explored and specific reasons for migrants, especially coal miners, to return to Scotland are briefly touched upon; covering the economic downturn in America during the mid-1870s and tensions towards immigrants in the United States during this period. The results of a deeper genealogical study of four families are reported. More than two-thirds of the parents of American children listed were Scottish with others primarily Irish and English. There was a wide range of occupations with construction and coal mining having the greatest numbers. Most families were living in Lanarkshire and Midlothian but 28 other Scottish counties were found as places of residence. Further research is needed to identify whether American children and their Scottish families are represented in other census years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Professionalizing Genealogy and Genealogical Research)
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