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Keywords = Sardinian Anglo-Arab horse

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9 pages, 1821 KiB  
Brief Report
Y-Chromosome Haplotype Report among Eight Italian Horse Breeds
by Andrea Giontella, Irene Cardinali, Francesca Maria Sarti, Maurizio Silvestrelli and Hovirag Lancioni
Genes 2023, 14(8), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081602 - 9 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1942
Abstract
Horse domestication and breed selection processes have profoundly influenced the development and transformation of human society and civilization over time. Therefore, their origin and history have always attracted much attention. In Italy, several local breeds have won prestigious awards thanks to their unique [...] Read more.
Horse domestication and breed selection processes have profoundly influenced the development and transformation of human society and civilization over time. Therefore, their origin and history have always attracted much attention. In Italy, several local breeds have won prestigious awards thanks to their unique traits and socio-cultural peculiarities. Here, for the first time, we report the genetic variation of three loci of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) of four local breeds and another one (Lipizzan, UNESCO) well-represented in the Italian Peninsula. The analysis also includes data from three Sardinian breeds and another forty-eight Eurasian and Mediterranean horse breeds retrieved from GenBank for comparison. Three haplotypes (HT1, HT2, and HT3) were found in Italian stallions, with different spatial distributions between breeds. HT1 (the ancestral haplotype) was frequent, especially in Bardigiano and Monterufolino, HT2 (Neapolitan/Oriental wave) was found in almost all local breeds, and HT3 (Thoroughbred wave) was detected in Maremmano and two Sardinian breeds (Sardinian Anglo-Arab and Sarcidano). This differential distribution is due to three paternal introgressions of imported stallions from foreign countries to improve local herds; however, further genetic analyses are essential to reconstruct the genetic history of native horse breeds, evaluate the impact of selection events, and enable conservation strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Genomics and Breeding in Animals)
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12 pages, 1462 KiB  
Article
A Genetic Window on Sardinian Native Horse Breeds through Uniparental Molecular Systems
by Andrea Giontella, Irene Cardinali, Camillo Pieramati, Raffaele Cherchi, Giovanni Paolo Biggio, Alessandro Achilli, Maurizio Silvestrelli and Hovirag Lancioni
Animals 2020, 10(9), 1544; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091544 - 1 Sep 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3056
Abstract
Sardinia, an island located to the west of Italy in the Mediterranean Sea, boasts three native horse breeds: Giara, Sarcidano, and Sardinian Anglo-Arab. Here, we have investigated for the first time three loci of the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) in [...] Read more.
Sardinia, an island located to the west of Italy in the Mediterranean Sea, boasts three native horse breeds: Giara, Sarcidano, and Sardinian Anglo-Arab. Here, we have investigated for the first time three loci of the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) in 34 stallions from these breeds and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the maternal relationships among 178 previously published mitochondrial control regions. We found that the current NRY diversity of Sardinian horse breeds is linked to three haplotypes (HT), all identified within Sarcidano. Each breed showed a typical HT: HT1 (ancestral) was the most represented in Sarcidano, HT2 (Neapolitan/Oriental wave) in Giara, and HT3 (Thoroughbred wave) in Sardinian Anglo-Arab. The specificity of each haplotype suggests the influence of independent breeding strategies and the effect of genetic drift in each Sardinian population. The female counterpart, extended to 178 horses, showed a low genetic variability and a common maternal origin for Giara and Sarcidano. The higher variability of the Sardinian Anglo-Arab indicates multiple mare lineages in its current population. Further genetic analyses will be crucial to understand the paternal history of male horses, preserve the endangered mares’ and stallions’ lineages, and improve the enhancement of autochthonous genetic resources on this island. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Genetics and Genomics)
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9 pages, 247 KiB  
Article
Elo Method and Race Traits: A New Integrated System for Sport Horse Genetic Evaluation
by Andrea Giontella, Francesca Maria Sarti, Giovanni Paolo Biggio, Samira Giovannini, Raffaele Cherchi, Maurizio Silvestrelli and Camillo Pieramati
Animals 2020, 10(7), 1145; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10071145 - 6 Jul 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2894
Abstract
This first survey on Sardinian Anglo-Arab horse (SAA) race traits highlights important aspects for the breeding purpose of this population. The heritability of the race traits were estimated through a trivariate model; the estimates were 0.39, 0.33, and 0.30 for the number of [...] Read more.
This first survey on Sardinian Anglo-Arab horse (SAA) race traits highlights important aspects for the breeding purpose of this population. The heritability of the race traits were estimated through a trivariate model; the estimates were 0.39, 0.33, and 0.30 for the number of placings, total earnings and Elo rating, respectively. The genetic progress could be improved by using an MT genetic evaluation of stallions and mares, combining information from competition traits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Breeding and Genetics)
11 pages, 1030 KiB  
Article
Genetic Variability and Population Structure in the Sardinian Anglo-Arab Horse
by Andrea Giontella, Francesca Maria Sarti, Irene Cardinali, Samira Giovannini, Raffaele Cherchi, Hovirag Lancioni, Maurizio Silvestrelli and Camillo Pieramati
Animals 2020, 10(6), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061018 - 11 Jun 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3105
Abstract
The Sardinian Anglo Arab (SAA) is a famous horse breed in Italy, with a significant historical background in the island of Sardinia. The aim of the study is to perform an evaluation of genetic variability in SAA using pedigree and mitochondrial data. In [...] Read more.
The Sardinian Anglo Arab (SAA) is a famous horse breed in Italy, with a significant historical background in the island of Sardinia. The aim of the study is to perform an evaluation of genetic variability in SAA using pedigree and mitochondrial data. In the current population, pedigree completeness was observed to be close to 100%, while the inbreeding coefficient and the average relatedness were lower than 3%. The ratio of effective founders/numbers of ancestors was 3.68 for the whole pedigree. The effective population size (Ne) computed by an individual increase in inbreeding (Ne_1) was 456.86, the Ne on equivalent generations (Ne_2) was 184.75, and this value slightly increased to 209.31 when computed by log-regression on equivalent generations (Ne_3). These results suggest the presence of crossbreeding and bottleneck phenomena, and they were compared with other Italian horses (reported in bibliography) to present the SAA among the Italian horse breeds scenario. Furthermore, the noteworthy mitochondrial variability reflects the use of a considerable number of founder mares; the contribution of L lineage was very important, probably because of the re-colonization from the Iberian Peninsula after the Last Glacial Maximum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Breeding and Genetics)
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8 pages, 979 KiB  
Article
Genetic Parameters and Inbreeding Effect of Morphological Traits in Sardinian Anglo Arab Horse
by Andrea Giontella, Francesca Maria Sarti, Giovanni Paolo Biggio, Samira Giovannini, Raffaele Cherchi, Camillo Pieramati and Maurizio Silvestrelli
Animals 2020, 10(5), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050791 - 2 May 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5300
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the heritability and genetic correlations of four biometric measurements and an overall score (OS) in the Sardinian Anglo-Arab horse (SAA); moreover, the effect of inbreeding on these traits was investigated. A dataset with 43,624 horses [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the heritability and genetic correlations of four biometric measurements and an overall score (OS) in the Sardinian Anglo-Arab horse (SAA); moreover, the effect of inbreeding on these traits was investigated. A dataset with 43,624 horses (27,052 females and 16,572 males) was provided by the Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (AGRIS). Cannon bone circumference (BC), chest girth (CG), shoulder length (SL), and withers height (WH) were measured on 6033 SAA horses born in Sardinia between 1967 and 2005; beside the measurements, an overall score (OS) was taken comparing the morphology of each horse to an “ideal type” that is scored out of 100. The mean value is 20.5 cm for BC, 185.9 cm for CG, 67.6 cm for SL, 160.8 cm for WH, and 73.2 for the OS. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.78 to 0.23. The results allow to foresee high genetic progress through the breeding programs. The most affected trait by the inbreeding rate seems to only be the withers height. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horse Breeding and Genetics)
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15 pages, 3824 KiB  
Article
Gallop Racing Shifts Mature mRNA towards Introns: Does Exercise-Induced Stress Enhance Genome Plasticity?
by Katia Cappelli, Samanta Mecocci, Silvia Gioiosa, Andrea Giontella, Maurizio Silvestrelli, Raffaele Cherchi, Alessio Valentini, Giovanni Chillemi and Stefano Capomaccio
Genes 2020, 11(4), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11040410 - 9 Apr 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2892
Abstract
Physical exercise is universally recognized as stressful. Among the “sport species”, the horse is probably the most appropriate model for investigating the genomic response to stress due to the homogeneity of its genetic background. The aim of this work is to dissect the [...] Read more.
Physical exercise is universally recognized as stressful. Among the “sport species”, the horse is probably the most appropriate model for investigating the genomic response to stress due to the homogeneity of its genetic background. The aim of this work is to dissect the whole transcription modulation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) after exercise with a time course framework focusing on unexplored regions related to introns and intergenic portions. PBMCs NGS from five 3 year old Sardinian Anglo-Arab racehorses collected at rest and after a 2000 m race was performed. Apart from differential gene expression ascertainment between the two time points the complexity of transcription for alternative transcripts was identified. Interestingly, we noted a transcription shift from the coding to the non-coding regions. We further investigated the possible causes of this phenomenon focusing on genomic repeats, using a differential expression approach and finding a strong general up-regulation of repetitive elements such as LINE. Since their modulation is also associated with the “exonization”, the recruitment of repeats that act with regulatory functions, suggesting that there might be an active regulation of this transcriptional shift. Thanks to an innovative bioinformatic approach, our study could represent a model for the transcriptomic investigation of stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Genetics and Genomics)
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