Search Results (2)

The alien Red Sea goatfish, Parupeneus forsskali (Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1976), is a Lessepsian migrant, entering the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. This study explores its seasonal diet and biological traits in Cyprus, its non-native habitat. From August 2019 to July 2021, a total of 249 specimens were collected, ranging in total length (TL) from 5.8 to 27.7 cm, with a mean TL of 15.1 ± 4.54 cm (SD). These specimens were examined with respect to sex and season. Through various methods (F%, N%, W%, and IRI), the feeding habits of the species were analysed, revealing a diet dominated by Crustacea (mainly Decapoda) and Polychaeta, with the secondary consumption of Mollusca, Echinodermata, and others. Significant differences were found between males and juveniles and females and juveniles, with adults preferring Decapoda and juveniles Copepoda, while seasonal variations were mainly influenced by prey availability. The Red Sea goatfish exhibited ontogenetic niche shifts in its depth and habitat distribution, influenced by size and age. The trophic level (TROPH) of P. forsskali ranged from 3.22 to 3.46, corresponding to an omnivorous diet with a preference for animals. These findings suggest that P. forsskali is an opportunistic predator with a diverse diet, thriving in its new habitat and potentially impacting the local marine food webs by competing with economically important native species for resources. Full article

The authentication of food products and the verification of their identity are of major importance for consumers. Food fraud through mislabeling is an illegal practice consisting of the substitution of an expensive food product by a relatively cheaper one, misleading false labelling of their origin and adulteration in processed or frozen products. This issue is particularly of high importance concerning fish and seafood, which are easily adulterated primarily due to difficult morphological identification. Fish species of the Mullidae family are considered among the most high-valued seafood products traded in Greece and Eastern Mediterranean in general, in terms of the price and demand. Specifically, the red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and the striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) are both indigenous in the Aegean (FAO Division 37.3.1) and the Ionian (FAO Division 37.2.2) Seas, with high levels of consumers’ preferences. However, they could be easily adulterated or misidentified by the invasive Aegean Sea Lessepsian migrator goldband goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis) as well as by the imported West African goatfish (Pseudupeneus prayensis). Keeping this in mind, we designed two novel, time-saving and easy-to-apply multiplex PCR assays and one multiple Melt–Curve analysis real-time PCR for the identification of these four species. These methodologies are based on species-specific primers targeting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected via sequencing analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (CO1) and of the cytochrome b (CYTB) genes in newly collected individuals, with additional comparison with congeneric and conspecific haplotypes obtained from the GenBank database. Both methodologies, targeting CO1 or CYTB, utilize one common and four diagnostic primers, producing amplicons of different length that are easily and reliably separated on agarose gel electrophoresis, yielding a single clear band of diagnostic size for each species or a certain Melt–Curve profile. The applicability of this cost-effective and fast methodology was tested in 328 collected specimens, including 10 cooked samples obtained from restaurants. In the vast majority (327 out of the 328) of the specimens tested, one single band was produced, in agreement with the expected products with a single exception a M. barbatus sample that was identified as M. surmuletus, the identity of which was confirmed using sequencing, indicating erroneous morphological identification. The developed methodologies are expected to contribute to the detection of commercial fraud in fish authentication. Full article