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Keywords = Quasi-Steady Centrifuge method

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11 pages, 1412 KB  
Article
HYPROP-FIT to Model Rock Water Retention Curves Estimated by Different Methods
by Maria Clementina Caputo, Lorenzo De Carlo and Antonietta Celeste Turturro
Water 2022, 14(21), 3443; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213443 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3066
Abstract
The water retention curve, which relates the matric potential, ψ, to the water content, θ, is essential to describe the flow processes in the unsaturated zone and provides useful information for environmental and engineering applications. There are few studies devoted to [...] Read more.
The water retention curve, which relates the matric potential, ψ, to the water content, θ, is essential to describe the flow processes in the unsaturated zone and provides useful information for environmental and engineering applications. There are few studies devoted to measuring the rock water retention curves due to the rock’s tightness, which makes it more technically difficult to use specific methods. In this study, we tested four different methods to measure water retention curves of two lithotypes of carbonate porous rocks with the aim to find the most effective to be applied to rock samples. Suction table, evaporation, Quasi-Steady Centrifuge, and WP4-T dewpoint potentiameter methods have been applied. The Quasi-Steady Centrifuge method proved to be the only one capable of determining water retention curves in the entire water content range and capturing the bimodality of the tested media with respect to the other methods. The measured water retention data were fitted with HYPROP-FIT software that allows us to accurately describe the WRCs and obtain critical parameters for the numerical simulation of flow and transport through the vadose zone, which plays a key role in various environmental issues. Full article
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20 pages, 3087 KB  
Article
Does the Darcy–Buckingham Law Apply to Flow through Unsaturated Porous Rock?
by Antonietta C. Turturro, Maria C. Caputo, Kim S. Perkins and John R. Nimmo
Water 2020, 12(10), 2668; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102668 - 23 Sep 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5181
Abstract
The Darcy–Buckingham (DB) law, critical to the prediction of unsaturated flow, is widely used but has rarely been experimentally tested, and therefore may not be adequate in certain conditions. Failure of this law would imply that the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is not constant [...] Read more.
The Darcy–Buckingham (DB) law, critical to the prediction of unsaturated flow, is widely used but has rarely been experimentally tested, and therefore may not be adequate in certain conditions. Failure of this law would imply that the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is not constant for a given water content, as assumed in nearly all subsurface flow models. This study aims to test the DB law on unsaturated porous rock, complementing the few previous tests, all done on soils. Two lithotypes of calcareous porous rocks were tested. The quasi-steady centrifuge method was used to measure the flux density for different centrifugal driving forces while maintaining essentially constant water content, as required. Any deviations from the direct proportionality of the measured flux and the applied force would indicate a violation of the DB law. Our results show that, for the tested rocks and conditions, no physical phenomena occurred to cause a failure of the DB law. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Environmental Hydraulics)
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