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Keywords = Pedersen’s technique

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20 pages, 6054 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Calcium Aluminate Slags and Pig Irons Produced from the Smelting-Reduction of Diasporic Bauxite
by Adamantia Lazou, Leiv Kolbeinsen and Jafar Safarian
Materials 2021, 14(24), 7740; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14247740 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2302
Abstract
This work evaluates the characteristics of calcium aluminate slag and pig iron samples obtained from the smelting of calcined and reduced diasporic bauxite ore. The study is conducted in the Pedersen process framework, which is a method to produce alumina from low-grade resources. [...] Read more.
This work evaluates the characteristics of calcium aluminate slag and pig iron samples obtained from the smelting of calcined and reduced diasporic bauxite ore. The study is conducted in the Pedersen process framework, which is a method to produce alumina from low-grade resources. Parameters such as the effect of crucible type, lime addition, and atmospheric conditions are studied considering the characteristics of the product pig irons and calcium aluminate slags for further uses. The behavior of the bauxite and distribution of the species between slag and metal was assessed based on the applied analytical techniques and thermodynamic calculations. Iron was reduced and separated from the slags in the presence of carbon (graphite crucible) for both the reduced and calcined bauxite. Si and Ti were mainly concentrated in the slags. Iron was separated from the slag in the absence of carbon (alumina crucible) for the H2-reduced bauxite. The results show that slags with increased lime additions are composed mainly of 5CaO.Al2O3 and CaO.Al2O3, that are considered highly leachable compounds. An optimum CaO/Al2O3 mass ratio of 1.12 was suggested. The presence of O2 and/or OH- in the furnace atmosphere will result in the formation of 12CaO.7Al2O3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Metallurgical and Materials Engineering)
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16 pages, 647 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Alkali and Ce(III) Ions on the Response Properties of Benzoxazine Supramolecules Prepared via Molecular Assembly
by Attaphon Kaewvilai, Sawittree Rujitanapanich, Worawat Wattanathana, Chatchai Veranitisagul, Songwut Suramitr, Nattamon Koonsaeng and Apirat Laobuthee
Molecules 2012, 17(1), 511-526; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17010511 - 5 Jan 2012
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6011
Abstract
A series of benzoxazine monomer supramolecules with different substituted groups on their benzene ring was prepared with a Mannich reaction and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS. The obtained products were 3,4-dihydro-3-(2’-hydroxyethylene)-6-methyl-2H-benzoxazine (BM1), 3,4-dihydro-3-(2’-hydroxyethylene)-6-ethyl-2H-benz-oxazine (BM2), and 3,4-dihydro-3-(2’-hydroxyethylene)-6-methoxy-2H-benzoxazine ( [...] Read more.
A series of benzoxazine monomer supramolecules with different substituted groups on their benzene ring was prepared with a Mannich reaction and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS. The obtained products were 3,4-dihydro-3-(2’-hydroxyethylene)-6-methyl-2H-benzoxazine (BM1), 3,4-dihydro-3-(2’-hydroxyethylene)-6-ethyl-2H-benz-oxazine (BM2), and 3,4-dihydro-3-(2’-hydroxyethylene)-6-methoxy-2H-benzoxazine (BM3). The efficiency of alkali metal ion extraction from the products was determined with Pedersen’s technique, while the complexation of the Ce(III) ion was confirmed by the Job’s and the mole ratio methods. The evidence of complex formation between benzoxazine monomers and Ce(III) ions was obtained with FTIR and a computational simulation. Single phase ceria (CeO2) as observed with XRD was successfully prepared by calcinating the Ce(III)-benzoxazine monomer complexes at 600 °C for 2 h. In addition, the geometry of the ceria nanoparticles confirmed by TEM is spherical, with an average diameter of 10‑20 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Organic Chemistry)
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