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Keywords = Nephromopsis

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29 pages, 6575 KB  
Article
Mycobiomes of Six Lichen Species from the Russian Subarctic: A Culture-Independent Analysis and Cultivation Study
by Armen Hakobjanyan, Alexey Melekhin, Marina Sukhacheva, Alexey Beletsky and Timofey Pankratov
J. Fungi 2025, 11(12), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120848 - 29 Nov 2025
Viewed by 747
Abstract
Lichens are defined as holobionts, whose thalli are known to contain a significant diversity of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Research into the presence of these organisms in lichens remains limited. Therefore, assessing the diversity of fungi in different species of lichen remains [...] Read more.
Lichens are defined as holobionts, whose thalli are known to contain a significant diversity of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Research into the presence of these organisms in lichens remains limited. Therefore, assessing the diversity of fungi in different species of lichen remains a relevant task. In this study, we analysed the taxonomic composition of the mycobiome of six lichen species from northern Russia. To achieve this, we employed high-throughput sequencing and cultivation methods using a modified nutrient medium. The study obtained data on the dominance of fungi from the classes Dothideomycetes, Eutypomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Tremellomycetes in the lichen samples studied. We found that the most common taxa among the lichen species studied were lichenicolous or parasitic fungi belonging to the genera Athelia, Epithamnolia and Cladosporium. The diversity of OTUs in Nephromopsis nivalis thalli that were processed using an abrasive to remove epiphytic fungi was found to be 30–50% lower than in intact thalli. Our findings suggest that the characteristics of the lichen species and its environment within the biocenosis can influence the diversity and abundance of fungi in thalli. Ninety-two fungal cultures were obtained and identified at various phylogenetic levels. Six strains were identified that presumably belong to new families within the orders Lecanorales, Tremellales, Septobasidiales and Myriangiales. We discovered that modifying cultivation methods can hasten the quest for novel, hitherto unexplored strains of lichenophilic fungi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Fungal Evolution, Biodiversity and Systematics)
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27 pages, 2439 KB  
Article
Contribution to the Study of Lichenicolous Fungi from Northwest Iberian Peninsula (León and Lugo Provinces)
by Javier Etayo and María Eugenia López de Silanes
J. Fungi 2024, 10(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10010060 - 12 Jan 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2863
Abstract
We have found 117 taxa of lichenicolous fungi in the studied area. In this paper, we describe five taxa: Arthonia boomiana on Nephromopsis chlorophylla, Lawalreea burgaziana on Platismatia glauca, Pronectria scrobiculatae on Lobarina scrobiculata, Trichonectria parmeliellae on Parmeliella testacea and [...] Read more.
We have found 117 taxa of lichenicolous fungi in the studied area. In this paper, we describe five taxa: Arthonia boomiana on Nephromopsis chlorophylla, Lawalreea burgaziana on Platismatia glauca, Pronectria scrobiculatae on Lobarina scrobiculata, Trichonectria parmeliellae on Parmeliella testacea and Trichonectria rubefaciens ssp. cryptoramalinae on Ramalina. Furthermore, the next records are interesting chorologically from the Iberian Peninsula: Arthophacopsis parmeliarum, Catillaria lobariicola, Lichenopuccinia poeltii, Myxotrichum bicolor, Nanostictis christiansenii, Niesslia lobariae, Opegrpaha sphaerophoricola, Pronectria fragmospora, Rhymbocarpus aggregatus, R. neglectus, and Tremella cetrariicola. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lichen Forming Fungi—in Honour of Prof. Ana Rosa Burgaz)
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16 pages, 2508 KB  
Article
Lichen Extracts from Cetrarioid Clade Provide Neuroprotection against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress
by Isabel Ureña-Vacas, Elena González-Burgos, Pradeep Kumar Divakar and María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6520; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196520 - 2 Oct 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3176
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases. Lichens have antioxidant properties attributed to their own secondary metabolites with phenol groups. Very few studies delve into the protective capacity of lichens based on their antioxidant properties and their action mechanism. [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases. Lichens have antioxidant properties attributed to their own secondary metabolites with phenol groups. Very few studies delve into the protective capacity of lichens based on their antioxidant properties and their action mechanism. The present study evaluates the neuroprotective role of Dactylina arctica, Nephromopsis stracheyi, Tuckermannopsis americana and Vulpicida pinastri methanol extracts in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidative stress model in neuroblastoma cell line “SH-SY5Y cells”. Cells were pretreated with different concentrations of lichen extracts (24 h) before H2O2 (250 µM, 1 h). Our results showed that D. arctica (10 µg/mL), N. stracheyi (25 µg/mL), T. americana (50 µg/mL) and V. pinastri (5 µg/mL) prevented cell death and morphological changes. Moreover, these lichens significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels. Furthermore, they attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential decline and calcium homeostasis disruption. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the secondary metabolites were gyrophoric acid and lecanoric acid in D. artica, usnic acid, pinastric acid and vulpinic acid in V. pinastri, and alectoronic acid in T. americana. In conclusion, D. arctica and V. pinastri are the most promising lichens to prevent and to treat oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Polyphenols in Human Health)
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